Performance driven compensation for enterprise-level human capital management

ABSTRACT

In embodiments of the present invention improved capabilities are described for a human resource management platform that includes applications targeted to solve a variety of human resource, compensation, and performance management problems. Applications of the human resource management platform include business applications such as performance driven compensation that may provide a single solution for driving employee performance and organizational success by automation of goal setting, performance measurement, and employee rewards by directly linking performance results to rewards.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/579,966, of the same title, filed Oct. 15, 2009, which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety; patent application Ser. No.12/579,966 is a non-provisional of, and claims the benefit of, thefollowing provisional applications, each of which is hereby incorporatedby reference in its entirety: U.S. Prov. Appl. 61/105,593, filed Oct.15, 2008; and U.S. Prov. Appl. 61/105,615, filed Oct. 15, 2008.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

The inventive methods and systems described herein generally relate tohuman capital management and particularly relate to a scalable platformfor enterprise level human capital management including performance,compensation, benefits, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art

Human resource management systems must provide support for diverseapplications such as compensation planning and execution, performanceappraisal and management, alignment of compensation and performance,benefits administration, benefits user self service, and the like. Thereexists a need for a scalable human resource management system thatfacilitates the effective application of these services to a wide rangeof entity sizes, structures, and business processes while ensuring ahigh degree of configurability and client data separation for use ondistributed, networked computing environments.

SUMMARY

In an aspect of the invention, methods and systems for accessing humancapital domain model in accordance with various embodiments of thepresent invention are provided. The aspect may include a persistencelayer for storing a human capital domain model, a business logic layercomprising the domain model, a plurality of

human capital management applications, and a presentation layercomprising a user interface for accessing the domain model via theapplications.

The aspect may also include storing a compensation domain model in apersistence layer of a human capital platform, manipulating domainobjects of the domain model with compensation management applications,configuring the compensation management applications within a businesslogic layer of the platform, and presenting a user interface forfacilitating user interaction with the applications using a presentationlayer of the platform.

In the aspect of the invention, the plurality of applications mayinclude a performance driven compensation application, a compensationplanner application, and the like. In the aspect of the invention, thecompensation planner application may facilitate in cycle and out ofcycle planning. In the aspect of the invention, the plurality ofapplications may also include a compensation application, a successionapplication, a competencies application, a performance application, orother types of applications. In the aspect of the invention, theperformance application may facilitate manager and employeeself-service.

In the aspect of the invention, the persistence layer may include adatabase for storing the human capital domain model, smartsynchronization facilities for updating the domain model, and the like.In the aspect of the invention, updating the domain model may includebulk updating. In the aspect of the invention, the persistence layer mayalso include group manager functionality for allocating employees tohuman capital management groups. In the aspect of the invention, thegroups may be configured independently of a hierarchy associated withthe entity. In the aspect of the invention, the persistence layer mayfurther include security for limiting access to the database. In theaspect of the invention, the security may allow a plurality ofindependently accessible domain models to be stored in the database. Inthe aspect of the invention, the independently accessible domain modelsmay be stored in separate schemas.

In the aspect of the invention, the user may be an employee, a manager,a platform administrator, and the like. In the aspect of the invention,the domain model may comprise domain objects representing employeecompensation information, employee performance information, or someother type of domain objects. In the aspect of the invention, thecompensation management applications may include a performance drivencompensation application, a compensation planner application, or thelike. In the aspect of the invention, the compensation planner mayfacilitate in cycle and out of cycle planning. In the aspect of theinvention, the compensation management applications may also include acompensation application, a succession application, a competenciesapplication, a performance application, or some other type ofapplication. In the aspect of the invention, the performance applicationmay facilitate manager and employee self-service.

In the aspect of the invention, the persistence layer may include adatabase for storing the compensation domain model, smartsynchronization facilities for updating the domain model, and the like.In the aspect of the invention, updating the domain model may includebulk updating. In the aspect of the invention, the persistence layer mayfurther include group manager functionality for allocating employees tocompensation management groups. In the aspect of the invention, thegroups may be configured independently of an employee hierarchy that isaccessible in the domain model. In the aspect of the invention, thepersistence layer may also include security for limiting access to thedatabase. In the aspect of the invention, the security may allow aplurality of independently accessible domain models to be stored in thedatabase. In other embodiments, the independently accessible domainmodels may be stored in separate schemas.

In an aspect of the invention, methods and systems for updating a domainmodel of a human resource management platform in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention are provided. The aspect mayinclude receiving information describing a current state of employeehuman resource data, using a processor to compare items contained in thereceived information with domain model information based on aninformation item key that is common to the received information and thedomain model information, detecting differences in the domain modelinformation based on the comparison, determining actions to update themodel based on the differences; and executing the actions to update themodel. In the aspect of the invention, the actions may include computingmodel state information.

In the aspect of the invention, the domain model may be a model ofemployee compensation data. In the aspect of the invention, the domainmodel may be stored in a database that is accessible to the processor.

In an aspect of the invention, methods and systems for selectivelyupdating objects in a domain model in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention are provided. The aspect mayinclude receiving a set of changes to domain object data, using aprocessor to store a copy of a portion of the domain model, creating ashadow model; configuring an update filter for the shadow model, theupdate filter determining frozen portions of the shadow model; andapplying changes in data with a processor to the domain model, and tothe shadow model based on the update filter. The aspect may furtherinclude committing the changes to a database that is accessible by theprocessor.

In the aspect of the invention, the domain model may represent humanresource management data, at least one of compensation information andperformance management information, and the like. In the aspect of theinvention, the domain model may further include using the processor tochange human resources data contained in the shadow model.

The aspect for updating a human resources domain model may also includedetermining updates to portions of domain objects; using a processor tostore a copy of a portion of the domain model, creating a shadow model;configuring an update filter for the shadow model, the update filterdetermining frozen portions of the shadow model; and using the processorto apply the updates to the domain model, and to the shadow model basedon the update filter. In the aspect of the invention, the processor mayalso be used to apply the updates to the domain model, and to the shadowmodel based on the update filter.

In an aspect of the invention, methods and systems for interacting witha human resource management platform in accordance with variousembodiments of the present invention are provided. The aspect mayinclude transmitting human resource management information from a serverto a remote computing facility over a network; presenting the humanresource management information in a user interface to a user using thecomputing facility; receiving a response to the human resourcemanagement information from the user using the computing facility;transmitting the response to the server; computing changes to the humanresource management information based on the response; and updating aserver-accessible domain model of the human resource managementinformation based on the computed changes. The aspect may furtherinclude transmitting the changes to the computing facility.

In the aspect of the invention, transmitting the human resourcemanagement information from the server to the remote computing facilitymay include retrieving the human resource management information fromthe domain model. In the aspect of the invention, retrieving the humanresource management information may be based on a user identifierprovided from the web browser. In the aspect of the invention, the userinterface may run in ADOBE FLASH technology and may be developed usingADOBE FLEX technology.

In the aspect of the invention, the user may be an employee. In theaspect of the invention, the human resource management information ofthe employee may include one or more of: goals data, performance data,salary data, salary range data, development activities, performancefeedback, salary history, and employee profile. In the aspect of theinvention, the response of the employee may impact one or more of: goalsdata, performance data, salary data, salary range data, developmentactivities, performance feedback, salary history, and employee profile.

In the aspect of the invention, the user may be a manager. In the aspectof the invention, the human resource management information of themanager may include one or more of: goals alignment data, flight riskdata, performance data, direct reports data, successors data, lossimpact data, warning level data, career path data, potential data,salary data, salary range data, required actions, developmentactivities, performance feedback, salary history, and employee search.In the aspect of the invention, the response of the manager may impactone or more of: goals data, performance data, salary data, salary rangedata, development activities, performance feedback, salary history,employee profile, goals alignment data, flight risk data, performancedata, direct reports data, successors data, loss impact data, warninglevel data, career path data, potential data, salary data, salary rangedata, required actions, development activities, performance feedback,salary history, and employee search.

In the aspect of the invention, the user interface may display atimeline of the human resource management data.

These and other systems, methods, objects, features, and advantages ofthe present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art fromthe following detailed description of the preferred embodiment and thedrawings. All documents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated intheir entirety by reference.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The invention and the following detailed description of certainembodiments thereof may be understood by reference to the followingfigures:

FIG. 1 depicts diverse elements of a human resource management platform.

FIG. 2 depicts an architecture view of the platform.

FIG. 3 depicts smart synchronization aspects of the platform.

FIG. 4 depicts effective dating aspects of the platform.

FIG. 5 depicts group manager facilities of the platform.

FIG. 6 depicts a data independence embodiment.

FIG. 7 depicts platform reporting flows.

FIG. 8 depicts a unified human resources management platform.

FIG. 9A depicts an employee-centric view of the unified platform of FIG.9A.

FIG. 9B depicts an administrator-centric view of the unified platform ofFIG. 9A.

FIG. 10 depicts a dashboard view of a team in a human resourcemanagement system.

FIG. 11 depicts a performance tab of a team in a human resourcemanagement system.

FIG. 12 depicts selecting an individual in a performance tab of a teamin a human resource management system.

FIG. 13 depicts a succession/career path tab of a team in a humanresource management system.

FIG. 14 depicts a compensation tab of a team in a human resourcemanagement system.

FIG. 15 depicts a notifications window of a human resource managementsystem.

FIG. 16 depicts an individual profile of a team member in a humanresource management system.

FIG. 17 depicts a new goal creation window.

FIG. 18A depicts a list view of a goals section of a profile.

FIG. 18B depicts a schedule view of a goals section of a profile.

FIG. 19A depicts a goal library window of a human resource managementsystem.

FIG. 19B depicts a goal assignment window of the goals library.

FIG. 20A depicts selecting a company goal.

FIG. 20B depicts selecting a goal from the library.

FIG. 20C depicts obtaining additional information about a goal.

FIG. 21A depicts a Development Activities add window.

FIG. 21B depicts an enlarged view of the Development Activities addwindow.

FIG. 21C depicts a schedule view of the Development Activities sectionof a profile.

FIG. 22 depicts selecting an individual in a Succession/Career Path tabof a team in a human resource management system.

FIG. 23A depicts searching for an employee to add as a successor.

FIG. 23B depicts a result of the search of FIG. 23A.

FIG. 24 depicts an enlarged view of a Nine Box from a succession/careerpath tab.

FIG. 25 depicts a goals tab of a performance evaluation.

FIG. 26 depicts a Development Activities tab of a performanceevaluation.

FIG. 27 depicts a Competencies tab of a performance evaluation.

FIG. 28 depicts a Review and Submit tab of a performance evaluation.

FIG. 29 depicts a Confirmation tab of a performance evaluation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A human resource management platform may include a centralized domainmodel where application logic comes together in one place; a deep andmature configuration model that provides extensive configurability; aunique design for groups and hierarchies that facilitates leveragingthem for natural and efficient rule distribution; smart synchronizationfeatures to facilitate loading bulk data and recomputing ramificationsof changes detected in the data; data independence and pending worldfeatures that allow the platform to maintain independent data setspertaining to the same core entity or organization concurrently whileallowing a wide range of data update options; an effective datingframework that may facilitate accurately maintaining chronologicalstates of the platform and its associated data in the past, present, andfuture at the same time; high-performance, scalable, andenterprise-class support; and many other features and capabilities asdescribed herein.

The platform may include domain driven design features that may be wellsuited to a scalable product family that can be readily tailored to avariety of client needs. Business logic may be centrally located in thedomain model, which may form an object-oriented backbone to theplatform.

The platform may include a deep configuration model that may providerich model-based configuration capabilities that can be preparedexternally and loaded into the platform to handle a wide range ofrequirements from clients. The configuration model may includeconfiguring values, structures, scripted functionality, and the like.

The platform may provide a rich user experience through an intuitive andinteractive user interface that is centered on the user's experience,using a combination of textual and graphical means to presentinformation relevant to the user's job.

The platform may be scalable to support large population sizes andfeature sets. The platform may support deployments of 400,000 users ormore. Feature sets may be expanded to meet requirements that falloutside the bounds of the deep configuration model capabilities.

Applications in human resource management must have high volume fileprocessing capabilities. Information for which a client is the system ofrecord may be regularly loaded through full file processing, andinformation derived within the platform 100 must be sent to variousparties in formats that they require. Therefore, the platform may beopen to integration with other systems and facilities in areas such asspecialized decision support tools, supplying data feeds, receivingdata, and the like. Integration may be provided through front and backend integration points, flexible input and output file mappingcapabilities, and the like.

The platform 100 may support third party integration to facilitatebringing together the best content and user experience to solve humanresource management challenges. The platform 100 may present severalmechanisms for integrating third parties into the system, providing aseamless experience to the end user, including: linking to remotecontent—a user interface can be easily tailored to providecontext-sensitive links to content provided by a client or third party;accessing local content—certain content may be accessed from within afirewall or through a server, such as for security purposes. The userinterface can be tailored with internal content links to provideinternal content; consuming web services—the platform 100 contains webservice integration support that enables applications to consume webservices from third parties. In an example, users may be directed tothird party control, with connections initiated and results obtainedthrough web services; publishing web services—third party tools may alsouse portions of application functionality provided by web services thatcan be published by the platform 100 or by a provider of the platform100. In an example, publishing web services may be used for real-timedata synchronization by clients or for information queries and updatesby internal tools; data import and export—the platform 100 may supportbatch loading of full or partial updated files from clients, and exportof files formatted for specific recipients.

Because human capital management operation can be very complex, with avariety of special cases, and seemingly ad hoc rules that must befollowed, users may be subjected to software in this space that reflectsthat complexity in its user interfaces and support requirements. Incontrast, the platform is designed to control substantially all of thecomplexity through a high degree of automation for client featuredevelopment, production code generation, specialized tools creation, andproduct build and deployment processes.

Referring to FIG. 1 which depicts various elements that may beassociated with embodiments of the human resource management platform100, platform features 102 may include a domain model that may includebusiness logic, an effective dating framework, database update orsynchronization capabilities, smart synchronization facilities forupdating data and the domain model in the database with enterprisebusiness system data, deep configuration features, group managerfeatures, data independence functionality, workflows, and the like. Theplatform 100 may also be associated with business applications 104 suchas performance driven compensation applications, compensation planningapplications that supports both in-cycle (focal) and out-of-cycleplanning, benefits applications that can be used by employees, humanresource administrators, and third parties, employee and manager selfservice applications, performance planning, appraisal, and feedbackapplications that support input from employees, co-workers, andmanagers, and other business applications as may be described herein ormay be envisioned or needed for effective use of the human resourcemanagement platform. The platform 100 may be associated with a userinterface that may provide alert capabilities, access security, and awide variety of user interface screens, such as those associated witheach of the business applications 104. The platform 100 maybe associatedwith various technologies 110 that may be used for development,deployment, operation, maintenance, upgrade, and the like. Platformtechnologies 110 may include open source software, domain driven design,JBOSS HIBERNATE, ECLIPSE, JAVA, JMX, ADOBE FLASH, ADOBE FLEX, TAPESTRY,JASPER, DOJO, SOAP, AJAX, XML, and the like. The platform 100 may beassociated with and support external interfaces 112 such as businesssystem data sources, external application linking and integration, webservices, input file processing and compliance checking, changepublication services, reporting, and the like. The platform 100 mayinclude or be associated with one or more databases 114 that may providepersistence of data and access to input data and derived data includingthe domain model. The platform 100 may be associated with users 118 thatmay include line managers, group managers, human resourceadministrators, various other corporate roles, information technologyspecialists, employees, third parties, and the like. The platform 100may be deployable in a wide variety of markets 120, some of which mayinclude large entities. Markets may include aerospace and defense,banking, business services, capital goods, chemicals, conglomerates,construction, consumer goods, diversified financials, drugs and biotechnologies, food, beverage, and tobacco businesses, health care, hotelservice, travel and leisure services, insurance, materials, oil and gasproduction and distribution, retailing, semiconductors,telecommunications, transportation, utilities, and the like. Theplatform 100 may be associated with and may beneficially supportbusiness services 122 such as planning, management, financial approval,payroll, employee-related analysis, event processing, reportingrequirements, business system configuration, business logic realization,secure employee data access, workflows, and the like. The platform 100may also be associated with deployment 124 that may facilitate hosting,licensing, web browser integration, thin client deployment, server-baseddeployment, virtual computing, virtual data warehousing, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 2, a functionality view of the platform 100, theplatform 100 may include a presentation layer 202, a business logiclayer 204, and a persistence layer 208. The presentation layer 202 mayfacilitate user access through a web-based interface that may be almostentirely implemented in ADOBE FLEX, running in the user's web browser,and communicating to a platform server through an SSL connection. Theuser may interact with the platform 100 over a secure connection, andmay be authenticated via single sign-on to use the platform eitherthrough a third party security portal or through a login screenassociated with the platform 100. Functionality and visibility tocertain data may be restricted from the user due to platform 100authorization rules. Administrators may get access to additionalfunctionality and visibility of additional data, which may includeaccess to workflow results, historical and auditing information. Otherportions of the platform may provide services to the presentation layer202 through which users access the services and functionality of theplatform 100. The presentation layer 202 may also include HTMLcapabilities, provide support for a reporting mechanism (e.g. Jasperreporting or other equivalent reporting mechanisms), provide PDFformatted documents, and the like.

The platform 100 may provide a business logic layer 204 that generallycan be understood to be a middle tier in the product architecture wheresubstantially all of the application logic is disposed. A rich objectmodel, which may be stored on a server, interacts with the presentationlayer 202, computes implications of data input to the platform, and maystore itself in a database that may be part of a persistence layer 208.Configuration loaded into the platform creates and modifies objects, andweb services may be published or consumed to provide a communicationpath with the model to outside partners. Application components build onthis model, adding capabilities such as succession, performance,compensation, benefits administration, and the like.

The platform 100 may provide a persistence layer 208 that may be largelyautomated in the platform, with an object-relational mapping strategyfor synchronizing a database and an in-memory model using databasesynchronization software such as JBoss Hibernate. As described herein,the platform may include an effective dating framework that may beautomated with this layer. The database that is accessed through thepersistence layer 208 may contain no business logic so that it canprovide a fast storage and query response for objects in the model. Thepersistence layer 208 may include denormalized representations ofportions of the database to support analytics, reporting, and the like.The persistence layer 208 also implements some security aspects andprovides a basis for fast data loading and separation of data sets.

The human resource management platform 100 may provide facilities forupdating the object model and database based on data received fromexternal business systems, such as financial, organizational, legal, andthe like. Generally, human resource management systems rely on datacaptured and managed in external business systems that may be used forstrategic and operational purposes by businesses. External data mayinclude insurance, benefit programs, and the like from third parties.The platform 100 provides smart synchronization facilities that enablebulk loading of data from these systems on a regular basis whileproviding rules driven, time efficient automatic updating of the dataand model content used by the platform 100. Smart synchronization maysupport various computing environments, such as parallel processing ordistributed computing architectures to benefit updating data indeployments of the platform in large organizations (e.g. utilitycompanies with more than one hundred thousand employees, large numbersof transactions, and the like).

Referring to FIG. 3, which depicts a smart synchronization facility 300of the platform 100, bulk loading of data may benefit the variousbusiness applications supported by the platform 100 such as performancedriven. Smart synchronization 300 may provide capabilities to bring thebulk data into the platform 100 rapidly and upload the model/databasequickly. Smart synchronization 300 may also support effective datedobjects as described herein and may support receiving data in industrystandard formats (HRXML and other consortium formats). Although datareceived and processed through smart synchronization 300 eventuallyresults in a database update, changes are applied to the object modeland the updated object model elements are persisted in the databasethrough a bulk database update process.

The smart synchronization facilities 300 may be designed as a pipelinearchitecture with a series of transformations that convert raw businessdata 302 into object data 308 using handlers 304. The object data 308 isvalidated for errors and the like (e.g. raw data 302 contains 200 jobdescriptions, yet the current model holds 10,000 job descriptions). Thevalidated object data is then reconciled 312 with the current model data320 to determine differences, such as changes in salary, new employees,new jobs, organizational changes, and the like. The changes may beprovided to a recomputation engine 314 that recomputes all derived modeldata, taking into consideration the changes provided by the reconcileprocess 312. As the object data in the model is updated through therecomputation process 314, it may be organized into groups of likedatabase transactions to improve the efficiency of these updates. In anexample, if an organization of 7,000 employees is moved in anorganizational hierarchy, the hierarchy link of each of these employeesmay be grouped and forwarded to the database update engine 318 toimprove the efficiency of the update. When all derived model data isrecomputed through the recomputation engine 314 and the model data ispersisted in the database through the update facility 318, the objectmodel and database now references the updated model and database 322.

Portions of smart synchronization 300 may be implemented as a pipelineto support operation on separate processors, servers, and the like. Thismay be facilitated by the inherent separation of employee data. Whilethe types of data required for each employee may be the same, theinformation is very unique and can be processed independently.Similarly, although data and formulas for processing data for a businessapplication such as performance driven compensation may be differentwhen compared to processing data for benefits administration, the mainsmart synchronization steps and algorithms may be the same. Smartsynchronization 300 may be similar to and/or may be used to implementcoverage repair in a benefits administration business application. Thisis further described in co-pending application Ser. No. 12/579,985,titled “BENEFITS MANAGEMENT FOR ENTREPRISE-LEVEL HUMAN CAPITALMANAGEMENT”.

Smart synchronization 300 may also be embodied as a rules engine thatallows a company to decide how data in the platform 100 reacts tochanges in the data that is sent into the platform 100 on a regularbasis such as from various other business systems.

Smart synchronization 300 may operate in parallel on any plurality ofinstances of the current model 320 as may be required with dataindependence described herein elsewhere.

Smart synchronization 300 also supports a full audit trail of allchanges made, which may be important for regulatory compliance and otherchange verification processes.

Because smart synchronization 300 recomputes all derived data, plannedchanges that are recorded in the platform 100 and are not yet effectivein the current model 320, but will be effective at a future point intime, if a data item that impacts these planned changes is received, thecomputations that affect the planned change will automatically beexecuted. In an example, if a manager has entered plans for meritincreases for eight of her employees and the external business dataindicates that one of these employees is to be transferred to anothermanager before the merit increase is to be effective, smartsynchronization 300 will detect this employee change and compute thedata necessary to support the planned employee transfer and the plannedmerit increases. Changes may include: moving an employee compensationbudget from the first manager to the second manager; ensuring that anypending authorization workflows for the merit increase are moved to therole responsible for authorizing merit increases for the second manager;adjusting other aspects of the employee compensation (e.g. bonus) basedon the department rules of the second manager, and the like. In thisway, the updated model 322 reflects these planned changes so that eachmanager can see how the planned changes will impact their departments inthe future.

Recomputation of derived data may be required because all of thebudgets, guidelines, workflows, and the like may be configured into theplatform 100 but may not be inherent in the external business systems.Therefore, any given change made outside the platform 100 (ex: anemployee is hired, transferred, fired, quits, etc) and input to theplatform 100 for synchronization has no way of knowing what thedownstream impact to other parts of the platform 100 will be. Thisautomatic recomputation allows managers and administrators to focus onthe business of the specific change (dealing with an employeeresignation) rather than the complexities of the impact of the change tothe platform 100.

Smart synchronization 300 may include separating external business data302 into separate files or categories of data, such as data that relatesto jobs, salary, employees, groups, workflow approvers, and the like.Alternatively the data may already be separated into individual files,such as a job file, an employee file, and the like. Each file orcategory of data may be processed separately, which may further improvethe efficiency of the synchronization process.

The reconcile process 312 may infer a deletion or a change of an itembased on a comparison of the raw business data 302 and the current model320. Using an example of a job description, the reconciliation process312 may compare each existing job with the jobs in the job data inputfile; determine what is new, what has changed, and what has beenremoved. In this example each job may be assigned a unique identifier.If the unique identifier in the input data 302 matches to a job in thecurrent model 320, then reconciliation 312 determines if the job datahas changed by comparing the input job data to the current model jobdata. If the unique identifier in the input data 302 does not exist inthe current model 320, the input data job is flagged as a new job to beadded during the recomputation process 314. If one or more unique jobidentifiers in the current model 320 is not found in the input data,then these jobs in the current model 320 are tagged as to be deleted.The job is not directly deleted because it may be used or referencedelsewhere in the platform 100. Although the platform 100 does notreceive a ‘delete job’ action, smart synchronization 300 infers that anentry in the platform 100 that is not included in the current job inputfile is to be removed. An item that is tagged to be deleted may resultin the recompute process 314 archiving the job to ensure propertraceability for regulatory and governance compliance.

The platform 100 is scalable to facilitate support of entities with veryhigh employee counts. Entities with upwards of 400,000 employees can besupported by the platform 100. Smart synchronization 300 facilitatesscalability through memory management techniques that may include usingcaching and pagination to perform the synchronization process on largemodel elements with a reasonable amount of memory. Because of the widelydiverse impact of a change that relates to employee groups that aredefined and/or maintained within the platform through the group managerfunctionality (described elsewhere herein), recomputation 314 requiresvery large amounts of data to be available for processing. One memorymanagement technique used includes keying input data with a natural key(e.g. social security number for employee, hierarchy key for a group,and the like). The natural key may be used in conjunction with theindividual object model element unique identifier to cache relevant dataso that the recomputation processing 314 can be executed veryefficiently.

Smart synchronization 300 includes an update facility 318 that persiststhe recomputed model data to produce the updated model and database 322.As described herein, techniques to make this update process efficientinclude, among other techniques, grouping like database transactionstogether into a single update request. Even if calculations are simple,due to the large quantity of calculations and database changes requiredeach time that smart synchronization 300 is performed the data to beupdated is ordered to facilitate batching the update requests.

In an example, a database update tool, such as HIBERNATE may be usedbecause it supports efficient batching of requests. With HIBERNATE, theplatform 100 may accumulate a large number of updates (e.g. 10,000) intoa single request rather than issuing 10,000 individual requests.Batching is also used when data is read out of the database forreconciliation 312 or recomputation 314 so that fewer transactionrequests must be processed during the smart synchronization process 300.

Smart synchronization 300 may also include handlers 304 that may operatein a pipeline or may themselves be composed of a pipeline of dataprocessing sections. The organization, order, and features of thehandlers 304 may be configured as part of a build time configurationprocess. This handler 304 customization may allow receiving data that isunique for a deployment of the platform 100 (e.g. adding or handling aspecial job code). Although handlers 304 are generally ordered toprocess data from the most generic (e.g. jobs) to the more specific(e.g. groups), the order of the handlers can be changed so that a grouphandler 304A may be executed before or after a job handler 304B.Handlers 304 can execute a wide variety of tasks, such as to copy data,check a length of description, and the like. Configuring handlers 304may be performed with an interface coded using Java.

Effective dating is a strategy for managing data that changes over time.Traditional data processing takes place in the present, and results arestored from now until they are changed in the future. With effectivedating, you can set the effective date to a date or date range, and readdata as it was (or is projected to be), or write data for the present,past or future. Most effective dating designs fail due to poorperformance or overly complex logic, passing dates and date rangesthroughout the code and obscuring the business logic. The platform 100includes a sophisticated layer that separates dates from the applicationlogic and manages effective dates deep in the architecture outside ofapplication logic, keeping the logic itself simple. For certain businessapplications supported by the platform 100, effective dating isfundamental. For example, in benefits administration, benefitseligibility, plan changes, coverage effective dates, pending coverageand events all occur at various times, making it difficult to keep trackof the benefits and costs associated with employees at any time. Theplatform 100 provides tools to create an effective dated modelimplementation and persistence layer. This unique capability provides ascriptable, simple point-in-time programming model to developers, forcustomizations, and scripted configuration. It also effective dates aconfiguration of the platform 100 itself, so that changes inconfiguration can be scheduled to take effect at some point in thefuture, or retroactively in the past. Automation and layering may betechniques that make this successful. The effective dating frameworkalso has a built-in capability referred to as pending worlds whichallows a type of long-lived transaction. Unlike a true transaction,however, it is not totally isolated. Rather, it is a branching strategythat allows write-through from the main non-pending world. This allowslive what-if scenarios that are automatically updated when non-pendinginformation is changed that may affect the pending world. For example,in benefits administration, if an employee declares a birth event, a newpending world is created where the new dependent and any elections arestored until the event is approved. If a subsequent plan changes affectseligibility or changes rates, the benefits in both the pending andnon-pending worlds will be updated accordingly.

Referring now to FIG. 4, which depicts a simplified embodiment ofeffective dating, effective dating 400 may enable changes made to eachdomain object 404 to be associated with an effective date 402 and with ageneration 408. Tracking of changes to domain objects may be supportedwith a two dimensional effective dating mechanism. When placed on an X-Ychart, as shown in FIG. 4, the X axis may represent an effective datetime line and the Y axis may represent generations of an object. Withineach object generation 408 (each ‘value’ of Y), eacheffective-date-differentiated version of the object is tracked based oneffective dates known when the object generation is saved (e.g. when itis persisted in the persistence layer). The current object generation(indicated by its Y value) includes the previous object generationeffective dated object versions, plus additional changes introducedsince the previous object generation was saved. Once the current objectgeneration is saved, any further changes that impact the object will beapplied to a new object generation (indicated by a new Y value) thatstarts out as a clean copy of the most recently saved object generation.

Each version of a domain object has an effective date that may includean effective ‘from’ date and an effective ‘to’ date to allow selectiveaccess of a version of the object based on this effective date range.

FIG. 4 includes three object generations, generation 1 (408A),generation 2 (408B), and generation 3 (408C). In the simplified exampleof FIG. 4, generation 1 includes one version of the object 404 witheffective dates Oct. 1, 2008 to all time. Generation 2 includes a copy404A of the object 404 from generation 1 with effective dates adjustedto Oct. 1, 2008 to Jun. 30, 2009 and a second version 410 of the copy404A that includes certain changes and has effective dates Jul. 1, 2009to all time. Generation 3 includes a copy of object version 404A, a copy410A of object version 410 with adjusted effective dates Jul. 1, 2009 toOct. 3, 2009, and an updated version 412 of the object version 410A thatincludes certain changes and an effective date of Nov. 1, 2009 to alltime.

In the example of FIG. 4, when the change in the number of dependentsfrom 2 to 3 is entered, the generation 1 object version 404 is saved anda copy 404A of the generation 1 object version is allocated togeneration 2. The effective ‘to’ date of the object version 404A is setbased on the ‘from’ effective date of the number of dependents change. Acopy 410 of object version 404A is created in generation 2, thedependent changes are made to it and it is effective dated so that thereis no gap between the 404A version and the 410 version of the object.

Once generation 2 is saved to the database, a subsequent object change(in this example an address change) is applied to a new generation(generation 3) of the object. Generation 3 starts as a copy ofgeneration 2 and includes object version 404A and a copy 410A of objectversion 410 with an adjusted effective ‘to’ date based on the effectivedate of the address change. The object version 410A is copied to a newobject version 412, the address change is applied and the effectivedates are set.

Although the example of FIG. 4 is a simplified example of effectivedating, the order of changes could be different and the end result wouldbe the same. If in the example the 408C change occurred first (with aneffective date of 11/1) and then in a next generation the 408B changeoccurred (with an effective date of 7/1) the changes would result in thesame final generation because the platform 100 allow updates to beapplied in any effective dating order.

Execution instances of a business application (e.g. compensationquarterly planning) may be associated with a target date that mayrepresent the calendar date for which the business application is beingexecuted. In an example of how a target date may be interpreted by anobject to provide the data effective on the target date, generation 3 ofFIG. 4 represents an object being queried. An instance of a businessapplication associated with a target date of Jun. 1, 2009 will accessinformation from object version 404A because Jun. 1, 2009 falls withinthe effective date range Oct. 1, 2008 to Jun. 30, 2009 of version 404A.This includes the user name, social security number, address of 123 MainSt, and dependent count of 2. A business application being executed witha Sep. 1, 2009 target date will access object version 410A whichincludes the user name, social security number, address of 123 Main St,and dependent count of 3. An instance of a business application beingexecuted with a target date of Nov. 1, 2009 will access version 412which includes the user name, social security number, address of 4 EagleSt, and dependent count of 3. This example is specifically simplified toshow how effective dating 400 may be used by business applications inthe platform 100. Note that all this is operating on the latestgeneration—that is, updated with the latest information and furtherincluding all values that were in effect in any domain object version.Generally, only an administrator inspecting auditing information andselected reports may look at older domain object generations. However,the entire platform 100 can operate with a target date set to anyprevious date in such a way that the platform 100 would read from theearlier generation that was available at that target date.

An objective of effective dating may be to support point-in-timesimplicity in the platform 100 that allows selecting a target datesimilarly to setting a clock to a particular date/time and gettingaccess to only the information effective at the set date/time. Thebusiness applications operate based on the target date so that anapplications programmer does not need to create any logic to determinewhich entry to use; the underlying platform provides the correct data.Effective dating 400 allows for an application to identify a particulartime and access to the data is implemented by the platform below thebusiness application/logic layer, but above the database. Effectivedating 400 may be different from prior attempts that created separatedatabase tables for different times. The prior attempts generally do notperform well on large databases, do not support bulk data loading, anddo not support using data caching for updates. One embodiment indicatesthat a future state is kept in a separate table that is copied to acurrently active model shortly after midnight to bring the current modelto the current (no longer future) state. While this may be effective, itmay not meet the performance requirements of large enterprise-classdeployments. Other prior attempts at effective dating included creatingseparate tables or change tables and then pass dates throughout thebusiness applications to try to figure out what a state of an object wasat a specific date. This puts an onerous burden on a programmer andmakes the application code significantly more complex and brittle. Thesedifferences may substantially improve the value and effectiveness ofusing effective dating 400.

A benefits administration business application executing in associationwith the platform 100 may use the effective dating mechanism 400described above to provide the ‘point-in-time’ simplicity within theapplication to deal with events in each subscriber's life that affectsbenefits. Application logic in the application may control the targettime so that it becomes the context that all objects implicitlyreference to provide data from the version that has an effective datethat includes the target time. The application controlled target timecan be in the past, present, or future.

Effective dating 400 may facilitate making a record of events andchanges over time. Effective dating 400 can also be used to inferevents. In an example, if a change in an employee's address is detectedin the raw input business data, an employee move event that occurredeffective with the date that the new address was introduced to theplatform 100 may be inferred from the data change. Effective dating 400may be applied to dates themselves, providing a record of changes todates. In an example, correcting an employee hire date may create twohire dates for the employee, one in effect up until the correction wasmade, and the other in effect after the correction. Therefore, anaccrual that is dependent on an employee start date can be automaticallycorrected when the system performs coverage repair based on the new hiredate. Coverage repair is a process used in the benefits administrationapplication for reconciling effective dated data changes introduced intothe system with business rules in effect during that time. Theconfiguration model that has all the rules of the objects is alsoeffective dated so we can access the rules (model definition) with aneffective date.

In an example of effective dating used in a benefits administrationmanagement business application, an object may include a current salaryof an employee. The employee's manager may enter a change to theemployee salary with an effective ‘from’ date in the future (a plannedsalary change). This change may trigger an automatic function thatprocesses object versions and generations as described above. Queries ofthe model that include a date request that is before planned salarychange ‘from’ date will reflect the current employee salary. Queries ofthe model that include a date request that is on or after the futureeffective date of the planned salary change will reflect the plannedsalary.

Changes to an object (e.g. an employee changes his address) may alsoaffect all versions of the object with a future ‘from’ effective date.This ensures that when the version of the object with the future ‘from’effective date is accessed, the data provided from the object includesall changes made prior to the ‘from’ effective date that are stillpertinent. Further in the planned salary change example described above,after the manager enters the planned salary change, the employee changeshis residential address. This change may result in creating a newgeneration of the object that includes a new version of the object thathas a ‘from’ effective date based on the date the employee moves. Thischange will also result in updating the employee residential addresscontained in the version of the object that reflects the planned salarychange. Therefore, when the planned salary change object becomeseffective, the updated employee residential address will be present inthe model.

Effective dating 400 may be based on an effective dating framework thatcan be applied to any standard object model design. A compile-timeeffective dating frame work tool may be used to create an effectivedated model from any object model such as object oriented designs,classes, states, and the like. The compile-time effective dating toolmay be executed against a client-specific adaptation of the domain modelto make objects time sensitive. Effective dating 400 as used within theplatform 100 facilitates supporting time tracking at a low level that isseparate from the object model and therefore allowing applications toretrieve database state data from different time spaces without havingto carry any time dependencies into the object API in the applicationlayer.

Effective dating 400 may also facilitate auditing. While conventionally,auditing is based on keeping track of all changes through some sort ofaudit table (e.g. tracking who made a change, etc) to ensure meetingregulations, the effective dating 400 framework allows each object tomanage its own history and allow a view of the system at any point intime. Because all changes are effective dated, the platform 100 offersmany layers of state that can be rolled back for auditing or any otherpurpose. Such complete and independent auditing is not necessarilyinherent in any other domain model-based environment.

Data being imported or exported can be effective dated. Exported datamay include effective dates represented as portions of a record for useby third parties such as insurance providers. When data from externalbusiness systems is input, such as with smart synchronization 300, ifthere is no date information associated with records that can be used togenerate the effective date, the date of first synchronization of thedata records may be considered the effective date. Smart synchronization300 may be configured to recognize a date that is associated with aninput record that is to be used to generate an effective date for theentry.

The platform may support managing employees within groups andhierarchies to facilitate hierarchical management of compensation,performance, benefits, and other human resource related activities.Hierarchies may be applied to data structure, creation, organization,and the like in performance and compensation planning and management.The platform may facilitate organizing employees into groups and/orhierarchies that may mirror the reporting and functional groups andhierarchies of the entity. The performance and/or compensation hierarchymay include aspects of the functional hierarchy of a company, whileincluding aspects that are independent of the functional hierarchy. Theperformance and/or compensation hierarchy may include adaptations ormodifications of functional hierarchies of an organization. In anexample, a functional hierarchy may identify directors as higher in thehierarchy than senior managers. However, a compensation hierarchy mayplace experienced senior managers and junior directors at the same levelin the hierarchy. In this way, senior managers, who may be performingmany director levels responsibilities, may be evaluated for compensationsimilarly to junior directors. An example of this is long-term incentiveawards which are usually awarded to managers only by senior directors orexecutives. Alternatively, the compensation hierarchy may be independentof a reporting or functional hierarchy. In an example, all directors,independent of their reporting or functional hierarchy in the businessmay share a common hierarchy level which may be related in acompensation hierarchy to all senior managers who share a differenthierarchy level. An organization with geographically diverse businessunits and even different languages may find relating directors from afirst region and senior managers from a second region provides a morecompetitive compensation offering. Organizing the compensation of alarge business in a compensation hierarchy may allow visibility tocompensation factor differences between different business units.

The human resources management platform 100 may also provide groupmanagement facilities that allow for managing hierarchies within theplatform that may be different from organizational and reportinghierarchies that may be represented in business system data input to theplatform. Matrix management may be represented in the platform 100 sothat an employee who has business-line reporting to a first manager andis working on a project that is under the management responsibility of asecond manager, may be grouped with the other project members under thesecond manager. Although a business system view of this employee mayshow the employee working directly for the first manager, a performanceand compensation view may be adjusted to show this employee in a groupmanaged by the second manager. Group management facilities providebenefits to users of the platform 100 that include not needing to createcomplex conversion software programs that adjust the business group viewto the matrix group view so that a compensation planning system canaccommodate matrix management.

Referring to FIG. 5, that depicts a functional view of group managerfacilities operating within the platform 100, enterprise business systemdata 302 may include line management grouping or hierarchies as shown.In the example of FIG. 5, a first line manager manages five employees—A,B, C, D, and E. A second line manager manages four employees—W, X, Y,and Z. In the example, each employee is currently assigned to work onone of two projects, project 1 and project 2. When this business systemdata 302 is supplied to the platform 100, the group manager 502 may beconfigured through configuration input 504 to detect each employee'sproject assignment as a natural key for grouping. The five employees ofthe first manager and the four employees of the second manager may begrouped into two groups within the platform 100: group one 508 that mayinclude employees A, C, E, and Y who are associated with project 1; andgroup two 510 that may include employees B, D, W, X, and Z who areassociated with project 2. Through this simplified example, anembodiment of the group manager 502 is used to organize employees intogroups other than those known and represented in the enterprise businesssystem data 302.

Group manager 502 may be associated with smart synchronization 300 inthat the data that is processed through the smart synchronizationprocess may include grouping through group manager 502. Group managercan be used to define a specific hierarchy to control how the data beingreceived from the external business systems 302 impacts groups that aredefined through group manager 502. Group manager 502, when combined withsmart synchronization 300 may also facilitate avoiding the creation andsupport of complex software that modifies data extracted from thebusiness system 302 so that certain changes in the data only impactmembers of a work group. In an example, if a bonus program for employeesworking on project 1 is changed, either the individual managers have tomaintain the data manually for each project 1 employee or special exportsoftware must be used adjust the bonus for each employee working onproject 1 as the data is transferred from the business system to theplatform 100. The group manager 502 significantly benefits humanresource administrators and managers so that data can be handled ingroups that they define, rather than wrangling with data in the businesssystem to overcome its limitations.

The group manager 502 allows for specific assignment of an employee to agroup. However, the group manger 502 also allows criteria based employeeand functional department grouping. Users of the group manager 502 mayidentify certain criteria, such as project assignment as a definitionfor group membership. In this way, by identifying an attributeassociated with employees (e.g. employees with currently vested stockoptions, sales people, non-exempt employees, and the like), a group ofthese employees may be defined within the platform 100. Businessapplications, such as a performance driven compensation application mayuse these criteria defined groups to apply rules, perform processing andthe like. In an example, a bonus plan may be established for non-exemptemployees. By grouping employees by this criteria (non-exempt status),the bonus plan can be automatically applied to only non-exempt employeesin all departments.

The platform 100 may support data independence techniques that may allowindependent update of parts of the model, such as those parts thatcorrespond to compensation or performance plans. In an example, oneplanning session may require a freeze on the reporting hierarchy whileanother planning session uses a continuously updated hierarchy. Dataindependence may also facilitate an alternate state of the whole modelthat allows modeling, “what-if” scenarios, and the like.

Separate datasets, also referred to herein as shadow datasets or shadowmodels may be created through the data independence framework forspecific application needs, such as salary or benefits planning. Eachdataset may include rules that control which objects or data elementsmay be updated as information is provided to the platform from externalbusiness systems. A shadow of the entire model may also be created. Eachdata set starts with a copy of the current model, but may be configuredto stop receiving updates after some date, while the current data setcontinues to always reflect the latest data loads.

A performance-driven compensation application of the platform 100 mayaccess a current dataset. The current dataset contains objects thatreflect the latest information provided by the external businesssystems. Because external business systems provide data from a snapshotin time (e.g. “today”) the current dataset reflects that snapshot. Thecurrent dataset can be thought of as simply a dataset that does notfilter any changes resulting from an update of data from the externalbusiness systems. The current dataset may have no notion of what mayhave existed in the dataset before an update and there is no notion ofpending or future changes.

Data independence may allow each dataset to be configured to allowspecific updates and to prevent (freeze out) others through a updatefilter configuration feature. Because each data set is updated based onits update filter configuration, some data sets freeze all information,rejecting anything new, while others may reject all updates, or acceptonly certain types of information changes. Datasets can be configuredwith filters that only allow the updates that the filters are configuredto allow, while holding all of the other data in the dataset frozen.

The current dataset may be a reference copy of the latest data that maybe stored elsewhere in the model, such as in other datasets.Alternatively, the current data set may be a logical representation ofthe model based on using the current date to access an appropriateversion of each object in the model based on the effective datingmechanism described herein.

Referring to FIG. 6 which depicts how data independence may be usedadvantageously by business applications of the platform 100, a shadowmodel may be established when data independence is required for aparticular purpose, such as compensation planning FIG. 6 depicts thedomain model on the left side and the data independent shadow model onthe right side of the figure. Three instances of the domain model andthe shadow model are shown: instance A, B, and C. Instance A representsthe domain and shadow models when the shadow model is established tosupport a compensation planning session. A change is introduced into theplatform that may impact the data in the domain model and in the shadowmodel. The change introduced is a new address for an employee. Theresult of processing this change is shown in instance B of the domainmodel and the shadow model. In both the domain and the shadow model thechange may be implemented because this piece of data is determined tonot be relevant to the compensation planning session. A second change isintroduced. The second change is a change of the department of theemployee. Because this change is relevant to the compensation planningsession, it is implemented in the domain model but it is frozen out ofthe shadow model so that the compensation planning session can proceedwithout the change causing undesirable results. The impact of the secondchange is depicted in instance C in which the department change is madeto the domain model but not to the shadow model.

A user of the platform 100 may have reasons to want to have differentsets of data available to their employees and managers for variousbusiness application tasks. A focal-based compensation planning sessionmay require data that is updated differently (or not at all) than datafor an off-cycle based compensation planning session. Focal-basedplanning is done at a focal-point in time may involve looking at dataacross a static population—the populate in the organization at the timethe focal-based plan is being prepared). Off-cycle compensation planningis generally dominated by making changes based on current manager input,so currently updated data (rather than data frozen in time) may berequired. To support both of these needs, data independence facilitateseffectively stopping the updating of data for any group defined in theplatform 100. In one embodiment, data independence establishes theshadow model by making a copy of domain model data that a manager needsto run an application (e.g. comp planning) and freezing out anysubsequent changes to that copy of the data. By freezing the data forthe specific purpose, other uses (e.g. off-cycle) or other focal-pointactivities can make and see data changes made after data is frozen. Atsome point a user may want to open up the frozen data and update or notupdate the data. However, all changes made since the data was frozen maybe implemented. The manager who requested the data to be frozen may notbe able to choose which changes to allow.

The platform 100 may include pending state and pending world featuresthat may be useful to a benefits administration application becausetoday's decisions (e.g. an election of benefits) may result in a pendingstate, which includes pending approvals (e.g. changes are entered butare conditional and therefore do not take effect until they areapproved). A pending state could also be a declaration of a newdependent, which may require approval or simply an election which cannottake effect until evidence of qualification is received. Because thechanges are conditional until approved, they are independent from the‘current state of the model’ until the change is approved and effective.Therefore, pending states can be created in the platform so that thepending data is not used in activities before the pending data isapproved, such as sending data to the suppliers of these benefits.Another purpose of the pending world is to maintain a complete andup-to-date view of the model that would be in effect if all the pendingstate were approved, as the user may expect it to be once all theconditions are met.

Changes may be introduced while the pending state is still outstanding.Subsequent changes that do not require approval may be implementedduring the interval of time between when the election or change isentered and the approval is finalized. Therefore the platform 100supports updating both the current object and the pending state so thatchanges that are not pended are made during the pending event. Tosupport pending events and a pending world of pending events, anautomated function may be executed during compilation of the software tobe deployed for a client installation. This automated function maydetect model classes that require a pending event state and mayconfigure these classes to hold the pending event information when it isentered. In this way the current domain model or the pending events canbe accessed based on a set of rules rather than requiring a pendingidentifier to be accessed during run time or needing to switch between apending object and a current domain object.

In particular, each object may be associated with pending events. Anobject may be configured to have a pending state that is maintained in apending delegate which is accessible through the object based on anassertion of the pending state within a business application. A pendingdelegate may be a copy of an object that includes changes to elements ofthe object that are not yet approved (i.e.: pending changes). In anexample, when an employee makes a first pending decision, a pendingworld is created for that employee, and each object changed as a resultof that pending decision maintains those changes in its pendingdelegate. The pending world is asserted by the application whenfunctioning on behalf of an employee who has pending state at that time.A pending delegate is maintained in parallel with the object so that allnon-pending changes are implemented in the object and its pendingdelegate. If and when a pending change is approved, the approved changeis applied to the object through the object change process described inreference to the effective dating framework described here, thusensuring that all dependencies of the change are made within the objectand within the model. The information in the pending delegate that hasbeen approved is no longer pending, so if there are no other pendingchanges in the pending delegate, the pending delegate may be marked asdeleted from that time forward. If there are additional pending changesin the pending delegate, the pending delegate remains alive until allpending changes are either approved or denied, at which point thatpending world can be discarded. If the pending change is deniedapproval, it may be removed from the pending delegate and may bearchived for audit purposes and the pending world discarded.

The changes recorded in the pending delegate are only visible when anapplication specifically requests access to pending delegateinformation. This may be done through changing a context of theapplication that may be specific to an employee so that pendinginformation is returned from the object when the application accessesthe object. In an example, a business application of the platform 100may be serving multiple users at the same time, so the pending state maybe specific to a processing thread associated with a user. This allowsmultiple threads to keep separate pending state so that one user threadmay have no pending state and is shown only current information, andanother user thread accesses object data based on a pending worldestablished by pending state in that user thread.

A deployment of the platform 100 may be configured to support a pendingworld by configuring actions and activities to trigger the use of thepending state. With this global pending context set, changes to anaspect of an object that has been configured to handle pending eventsmay result in the automatic creation of a pending delegate. If thechanges are directed at an aspect that itself is configured to support apending state, a pending delegate of the object is created on demand bycreating a copy of the object and passing the change to be handled bythe delegate.

The pending state functionality may be implemented as part of theeffective dating framework where pending delegates and theirassociations to non-pending objects are both fully effective datedobjects.

The platform 100 provides a very flexible solution to managing deployedclient data that supports both the down-market and the complexenterprise market. The platform 100 supports building the databaseschema as part of the client deployment build process, such that aclient's data is maintained in its own database schema. This separationstrategy satisfies many clients' concerns about data separation fromother clients, and allows the flexibility to either co-locate the schemawith others in the same database instance, or dedicate an instance tothe client. This allows deploying more than one client's model andpersistent data within one physical or logical database without any riskof exposing client information to other clients. Clients without domainmodel customizations or build-time configuration can share theapplication binaries, since runtime configuration results in only datacontent changes and no change in application code or database schema.This per-schema client strategy also allows applying table-level orschema-level encryption on a client by client basis so that encryptionmay be applied for a first client and not for a second client within thesame database that is accessed by the same application binary.

Each client's data is maintained in a schema separate from otherclients' data. This has several benefits. Each schema has its own accesscredentials, which prevents one client from accessing the others data,and prevents an application from unintentionally mixing data from twoclients. This flexibility facilitates co-locating client deployments onvirtual or non-virtual environments based on scale, performance metrics,usage patterns, and the like. It helps to use the platform 100 toexploit the characteristics of the low-touch down-market client whilestill delivering on the strict requirements of the complexenterprise-class client within the same platform 100 architecture.

The platform may provide reporting facilities. The reporting facilitiesmay be accessible from each of a performance application, compensationapplication, benefits application, and any other application, userinterface, administrative interface, or data interface associated withthe platform. Reporting facilities may provide reports of informationstored in one or more databases and domain models associated with theapplications. Reports supported by the reporting facilities may includead-hoc, standard, custom, and other reports such as customized, templatebased, automatic, interactive, scheduled, and the like. The reportingfacilities may also interact with the domain model and one or moredatabases of the platform to generate one or more denormalized databases(e.g. reporting database) for facilitating reporting, such as customizedreporting. A denormalized database may include domain model information,database data, computed data, referenced data, indirect data,consolidated data, third party data, formatted data, variable data,report templates, and other data or calculations that allow a user toreport information based on the user's preferences. A denormalizeddatabase may be a compilation of information from one or more databasesof the platform, one or more domain models of the platform, datagathered from sources external to the platform, user defined computeddata, default computed data, and the like. The denormalized database maybe updated periodically, such as each day, thereby providing a timelysnapshot of information relevant to a user's reporting preferences. Inaddition to periodic updates, information in the denormalized databasemay be updated as needed, such as when information affecting a report ischanged in the domain model or database. Providing a denormalizeddatabase may also improve report response time because report requestsmay not have to access either the domain model or the full database.Providing a denormalized database may also allow the use of industrystandard or publicly available reporting software and techniques forreporting off of the denormalized database. A denormalized database maybe organized to further optimize report response time such as byarranging most frequently accessed data to be readily available. Adenormalized database may also be organized to allow a user to retrieveinformation, such as in a report, in ways that coordinate with theirbusiness processes, workflows, or preferences.

The custom reporting facilities may take advantage of the denormalizeddatabase and allow a user to report information out of the platform inways that the user would normally want to get data. With customreporting, the user may match reports to existing or predefined formatsin which a user's current business process generates data. In anexample, a user may already have various data in customized Access orExcel tables that, when viewed, present their data in a specific formator matching a preferred organization of the data. A custom report may beconfigured to deliver the required information to be viewed like theAccess or Excel tables.

The ad-hoc reporting facilities and standard reporting facilities mayquery the domain model for data to satisfy a report request. Byaccessing the domain model, instead of the database, ad-hoc and standardreporting may reduce the transactional loading of the database, therebyimproving overall platform performance. Reports based on the domainmodel may still query the database. However, they may benefit from usinga single implementation of logic in the objects (e.g. business layer),rather than requiring implementing reporting logic on top of raw dataand risking conflicts or taking on maintenance problems of duplicatedlogic. Alternatively, ad-hoc and standard reporting facilities may querythe denormalized database. Any type of reporting facility may access anyof the domain model, databases, and denormalized database as needed orspecified to retrieve data to satisfy report requests.

The platform may simultaneously support ad-hoc, standard, and customreporting so that a user may select one or more types of reporting ondemand. Custom reporting may be based on templates that may also be usedto organize or identify data to be retrieved, calculated, consolidatedand the like into the denormalized database. By identifying the datarequirements of the denormalized database based on the reports to begenerated from it, the denormalized database may be automaticallyadjusted based on a custom report template each time the denormalizeddatabase is updated. In an example, a user may provide a spreadsheetfile that contains the data in the format requested for a custom report.The user may reference the spreadsheet file when configuring a customreport through the platform. The platform may analyze the spreadsheet,such as the formulas, formats, data values, data names, macros, and thelike to generate a custom report template to replace the spreadsheetreport. At the next update of the denormalized database, such as a basedon a user request, the platform may access the domain model and thedatabase to retrieve relevant data, perform calculations as needed todeliver data that matches the spreadsheet data into the denormalizeddatabase.

Referring to FIG. 7 which depicts an exemplary report that has beengenerated from an updated denormalized database, exemplary data that maybe recorded in a denormalized database is shown. The denormalizeddatabase 712 may be updated through update process 708. The updateprocess 708 may reference custom report template 718 to determineaspects of data to be included in the denormalized database 712 update.Updating may include performing calculations, consolidation,extrapolation, sorting, and other operations on data such as data fromthe domain model 702 or the transactional database 704. Updating mayalso include copying data from any of the data sources. Updating mayinclude modifying one or more preexisting entries in the denormalizeddatabase 712 so that data associated with a preexisting entry reflectsdata provided by the update process 708. Updating the denormalizeddatabase 712 may also include replacing entries, creating new entries,deleting entries, replacing a portion or the entire denormalizeddatabase 712, creating an alternate to an existing denormalized database712, and the like. Updating portions of the denormalized database 712may include incremental updates to one or more entries. In an example ofincremental updating, the update process 708 may compare data from apreexisting entry in the denormalized database 712 to updated data forthe preexisting entry and apply the updated data based on the results ofthe comparison. If the updated data is different than the preexistingdata, the update process 708 may replace the preexisting entry data withthe updated data. If the comparison result indicates the updated data isnot different, then the preexisting entry data may not be replaced withthe updated data.

The denormalized database 712 may include a date/time field that mayindicate the date and/or time of the most recent update. The date/timefield may apply to the entire denormalized database 712, a portion ofthe denormalized database 712, or individual entries in the denormalizeddatabase 712. The date/time field may be used by the update process 708to determine which preexisting entries in the denormalized database 712to update. Data provided to the update process 708 may include a similardate/time field to indicate the most recent change to the data. Theupdate process 708 may compare the date/time of the most recent changeof the source data with the date/time of the most recent update of thepreexisting data to determine which data to update. In an example use ofdate/time fields associated with updating the denormalized database 712,a preexisting entry in the denormalized database 712 may have mostrecently been updated yesterday and its associated source data may havebeen most recently changed today. The update process 708 may determinethat the source data has changed more recently than the preexisting datahas been updated and, as a result replace the preexisting data with theupdated data. The update process 708 may query the domain model 702and/or the transaction database 704 so that only data changed morerecently than the most recent update of the denormalized database 712 isprovided. In this way, the update process 708 may utilize the querycapabilities of the platform when updating the denormalized database712.

The template 718 may identify aspects of data associated with a customreport 714. The update process 708 may reference the template 718 whenrequesting or obtaining data for reporting. The template 718 may includeone or more data fields that may identify an entry or entries in thedomain model 702 and/or the transactional database 704. The data fieldsmay include employee name, employee salary, compensation cycle, and thelike. A template may identify data that does not exist in any datasource and therefore may have to be produced; such as by update process708. Denormalized database 712 data that has to be produced mayalternatively be produced by one more applications, such as acompensation application and stored in the domain model 702, thetransaction database 704 or another data storage that may be accessed byupdate process 708. Data that may be produced may include variouscomputations, calculations, and other combinations or processing ofsource data. In an example of produced data, current employee quartilemay be calculated from current employee compensation package, andcompensation quartiles. In the example, if the employee compensationpackage is $134,266 and the third quartile covers a compensation rangeof $120,000 to $150,000, the employee compensation quartile would becomputed to be the third quartile. This computed data may be stored inthe denormalized database 712 so that it could be reported by the customreport facility 710 and presented to a user, such as the example customreport 714 of FIG. 7.

The platform may support various templates. Templates that may be usedby the update process 708 may include spreadsheet work files or workbooks from applications such as Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Works, andthe like. Template formats supported may include xml files, customreport format files, existing compensation, performance, and benefitsreport generation format files, and the like. A template may identifyspecific data entries, data entry types, data groups, data sources,various other aspects of data, and the like.

A plurality of templates 718 may be associated with a custom reportingfacility 710 to support generating various custom reports. Each templatemay identify data to be included in an update of the denormalizeddatabase 712. The update process 708 may combine templates so that datathat is common to more than one template 718 may be retrieved from thedomain model 702 and/or the transactional database 804 once. The commondata may be stored in the denormalized database 712 in more than onelocation so as to facilitate generating custom reports 714.Alternatively, data commonly identified in more than one template 718may be stored as a single entry in the denormalized database 712.

The platform may support ad-hoc reporting that may be used to easilycreate reports. Ad-hoc reporting may directly access the domain model,the transactional database, or may report from the denormalizeddatabase. Ad-hoc reporting may facilitate a user creating a set ofreport preferences that may be used in a query of the model to filter orselect preexisting model objects for reporting. Ad-hoc reporting may betemplate based, menu based, code based, and the like. A query languagesuch as SQL may be used in an ad-hoc reporting facility. The platformmay support creating a user specific ad-hoc profile, storing theuser-specific profile, exporting report data to third party softwaresuch as Microsoft Excel, generating ad-hoc reports in HTML, PDF, andother display formats.

The platform may support standard reporting. Standard reporting maysupport predefined reports. Standard reporting may be template-based tofacilitate deployment and integration. Ad-hoc and standard reporting mayreport off of the domain model rather than the transactional database.

Referring to FIG. 8, compensation, performance, and benefitsapplications may be combined in one product that may provide a uniquelyemployee-centric human resource management platform—a comprehensivehuman capital management (HCM) platform 800. This may include pullingthe entire benefits administration application into theperformance-driven compensation application to produce a HCM platform800 that provides capabilities beyond a straightforward combination ofapplications because various user roles will have the ability to do arainbow of activities within the HCM 800 based on the services that aredeployed. A user role may encompass a benefits client role, acompensation client role and a performance/succession client role as anemployee, hr manager, administrator, benefits manager, and the like.

The HCM 800 may be configured to take advantage of group managerhierarchy features to consolidate rules within the combined businessapplications and to leverage the sophisticated capabilities of security,data independence, data isolation, and the like to ensure each user rolehas proper visibility to relevant data while excluding access tonon-relevant or sensitive user data. This concept of visibility may bemoved to a lower level or to an application specific level in the HCM800. The HCM may be embodied as an integrated management suite that maybe accessible through a single user interface screen.

Referring to FIG. 9A a user-centric overall offering may depict anoverall offering employee view 902 of services available through the HCM800. These services may pertain to health (‘My Health’ 904), finance(‘My Wealth’ 908), workflow (‘My Work’ 910), career development (‘MyCareer’ 912), and some other types of services relevant to the employee.The overall offering employee view 902 may be designed in order toprovide at least a visual segregation of these services.

The ‘My Health’ 904 service may provide the employee with applicationsrelated to health services such as support for health decisions, optionsand choices regarding health care providers, administration service forhealth benefits, health risk assessments available, events andpromotions, and some other services. For example, through ‘My Health’904 service, the employee may be able to obtain information related to afree eye check up camp organized by a health agency. In an embodiment ofthe present invention, such events and promotions may be organized incoordination with the employer of the employee.

The entities that may be interfacing with this service of the HCMplatform 800 may include content providers that may supplement theinformation and content related to health services and benefits;decision support parties that may assist with the decision orientedactivities (e.g., choice of health care provider); and other thirdparties. For example, health care events may be hosted by other thirdparties such as hospitals, NGOs, cultural organizations (Rotary Clubs,Red Cross, among others), and some other third parties.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the other thirdparties may also be involved with solution integration.

The ‘My Wealth’ 908 service may provide the employee with applicationsrelated to financial services such as deposit account (e.g., facilities,statements), beneficiary and compensation benefits (e.g., bonus,overtime payments), life insurance (e.g., premiums), disabilitycompensations, payroll statements, and some other types of financialservices. For example, through ‘My Wealth’ 908 service, the employee maybe able to access the monthly statement regarding the compensation andbenefits accrued or the employee may be able to directly submit premiumpayments for medical or life insurance through this service.

Payroll department, Human Resource Information System (HRIS), and thirdparties such as insurance companies are the entities that may interactthrough this service.

Similarly, the ‘My Work’ 910 service may be responsible for providing acollection of workflow oriented applications and services to theemployee. These applications and services may include but may not belimited to goals and evaluations, compensation and salary plans,dashboards and workbox, feedback, and some other applications andservices. For example, the employee may be able to view various salaryoptions provided by the company, such as fixed or variable component ofthe salary, and may be able to customize the salary structure accordingto the needs. In another example, dashboards and workbox applicationsmay facilitate better management of workflow and productivity. Inaddition, these dashboards may provide effective visualization orpresentation options (e.g., providing a graph or chart to track theprogress of ongoing projects). Feedback, appraisals, evaluations, andrecommendations may also be submitted and viewed by the employeesthrough this service.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the ‘My Work’910 service may also include best practices and market data related toworkflow. For example, this service may complement other services thatmay help the overall workflow (e.g., time-tracker services).

Likewise, the ‘My Career’ 912 service may be focused on the careerdevelopment aspects of the employee. This service may include variousapplications related to career development and planning, succession orpromotion planning, competencies (specialized or generic), and someother types of applications. For example, the employee may be providedwith some additional training and certification courses for enhancementof skill set.

The ‘My Career’ 912 service may involve other entities such asconsulting services, learning management service providers, ATS, andsome other options for supporting career oriented needs of the employee.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, a third partysolution integration facility 914 may be provided to unify variousservices (related to employee's health, wealth, work, and career) of theHCM platform 800.

The overall offering employee view 902 benefits the overall humanresource management process by providing an active and effectiveenvironment for employee engagement in various human resourceactivities, rewards for both the employer and the employee in terms ofwork, productivity, and benefits; a transparent solution for drivingpay-for-performance, and a consumer-driven human resource.

FIG. 9B depicts an overall offering administrator view 918 for humanresource (HR) administrative and executive team. The administrator view918 may include services pertaining to health (‘Corporate Health’ 920),finance (‘Corporate Wealth’ 922), workflow (‘Corporate Work’ 924),career development (‘Corporate Career’ 928), and some other types ofservices (i.e., for all the employees). The applications in theseservices may help the HR administrative and executive team assessvarious trends and indicators pertaining to employees' health, finance,workflow, and career.

The ‘Corporate Health’ 920 may include applications related to healthand wellness rewards and benefits, tool utilization and employeeengagement (indicators and trends), health plan migration summaries andother documentations. For example, a dashboard may be provided in‘Corporate Health’ 920 that tracks the number of sick leaves availed bythe employees. In addition, such a dashboard may provide facilities forrewarding employees who have not taken any sick leave in a given period.The rewards may be monetary, gifts, vouchers, coupons, certifications,and some other types of rewards.

The other service in the corporate interface screen 918 may include the‘Corporate Wealth’ 922. This service may include applications such asdashboards for audit trails, pre-tax plan counts (e.g., FederalInsurance Contributions Act (FICA) savings estimator), voluntary planparticipation, aggregated compensation statements, dependent auditdashboards, and some other types of applications.

Similarly, the ‘Corporate Work’ 924 service may encompass workflowactivities with regard to the entire organization. Some of theapplications in this service may be employee performance trends, companyplans and budget compliance indicators, goal achievement progressindicators, and some others. For example, the ‘Corporate Work’ 924service may provide the invoice status of all projects. In anotherscenario, sales per employee ratios or workforce productivity ratios maybe provided by this service for assessing the overall productivity ofthe organization.

Yet another service, ‘Corporate Career’ 928 may include a compilation ofevery employee's Key Performance Areas (KPAs), corporate goal librariesor repositories, a dashboard for reviewing performanceappraisals/evaluations and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), internalfill rates, competency aggregations, organization's standards, codes ofconduct, and some other applications and functionalities. For example, abrief overview (requirements, procedure, preparations, guidelines, etc.)regarding the hiring process may be provided by ‘Corporate Career’ 928.

In accordance with another embodiment, various aspects of corporatecareer such as ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ or ‘EmployeeInitiatives’ may also be provided by this service.

Configuration is a means by which a system's look or behavior can bechanged to meet client requirements without programming. Configurationin the platform 100 includes model-based aspects, primarily through anXML file that includes structures, data, parameterized strategies, andscripting to tailor the platform's look and feel and behavior. Theplatform 100 may support build-time configuration that may be appliedbefore the platform 100 is deployed to produce a targeted solution.Build-time configuration may provide a way that the platform 100 canmaintain speed and scalability by having the configuration compiled intothe platform 100 rather than manipulated as data at runtime. Mostconfigurations of the platform 100, however, are runtime configuration,which can be loaded into a running platform 100 without taking it downand rebuilding it. Some types of effective dated configuration may beloaded while the platform 100 is running, without affecting currentusers.

The platform 100 offers several means for configuring applicationsincluding offline configuration tools, online configuration tools, userinterface configuration, and the like. Offline configuration may besupported through configuration files that are loaded as XML files andmay be created by configuration programs, filed, and the like that maybe associated with the platform 100. These tools may enable businessanalysts to create the configurations through intuitive user interfaces,and export them into XML files. The files may be used in build-timeconfiguration or used in run-time configuration and loaded into arunning system. These tools are especially beneficial if theconfiguration model is complex or effective dated. Online configurationmay partitioned so that a subset of runtime configuration may beavailable only to authorized users through application functionality,such as: administrator functionality that facilitates changing thedetails of a dimensional guideline rule, adjusting bonus calculations orupdating performance ratings; role management that may facilitatedefining roles and managing assignments to individuals and groups; groupmanagement that may facilitate maintaining reporting hierarchies, budgetgroups and other group and hierarchical organizations of employees; andthe like. Configuration capabilities of the platform may include userinterface configuration. The platform may support several configurationpoints in the user interface, such as: internationalization that may besupported through configurable resource files, for locale-specific text,formats, and content; application configuration files that may be loadedinto the presentation tier to configure application flow; cascadingstyle sheets that may be used to tailor the look and feel of the userinterface; and the like.

The human resource management platform 100 may include data accesscomponents or elements for insulating applications and services from thedetails of data transformation and mapping. Data access components mayinclude features that facilitate persistence of data, such as singledomain objects such as a “noun” or a “component”. Persistence of dataattributes such as mapping of data formats may also be provided by thedata access components. Data access components may also provide servicesfor the human resource management platform 100 such as creating,reading, updating, and deleting data. Aspects of the human resourcemanagement platform 100 that may use data access components include,without limitation, internal applications, business services, externalapplications, and the like. Data access components may be implemented bybuilding XML documents from SQL/JDBC results sets.

The human resource management platform 100 may include a plurality ofdata access components wherein each component may provide data accessservices as herein described for different data sources. For example, adata source such as a third party employee insurance database mayrequire a different set of data access functions than an internalemployee vacation accounting database. Reading a record from theexternal insurance database may include mapping data such as employeeinsurance member ID so that automatic premium payments may be properlycredited by the human resource management platform 100.

As changes are made to data sources, an associated data access componentmay, or may not, need to change to support the changed data source. Inan example, a data source that is changed to include security featuresassociated with a user interface of the data source, may not impact thedata access component for that data source. Whereas, a data source thatchanged field names or definitions may impact a data access component,requiring a new mapping between the data source and the human resourcemanagement platform 100 functions or business services accessing thedata source. Data access components may combine, dissect, generate, andpersist XML documents to facilitate business functions and servicesperforming tasks.

The user interface gives end users information they need to makedecisions, and those decisions ultimately result in changes persisted inthe database. This section describes Workscape Technology Platformcapabilities that enable our application suite to maintain and storedata accurately and efficiently.

The platform 100 may include an object model and may implementobject-relational mapping. Application logic may be centered in abusiness logic layer 204 on a server, such as in an object modelimplemented in Java. Generally, a good object design combines state andbehavior. In the platform 100, the behavior may be embodied in businesslogic and encapsulated in object methods. When changes to dataassociated with the model are committed, the object state is translatedto the database in an automated fashion, such as by using JBossHibernate, an object-relational mapping tool. Hibernate is an example ofa tool that can be adapted to successfully manage large amounts of data,such as by revising code to enhance the tool.

Transactions with the model and database may be most effective if theyare controlled outside the business logic layer 204. In the platform100, transactions are initiated before application logic is invoked andthe application logic signals synchronization points to the persistentdatabase 114 so that the actual transaction management is performed bythe underlying persistence layer 208, adding security and robustness tothe platform 100.

The platform 100 provides support for enterprise level and down marketsmall size client deployments. Features of the platform 100 may minimizeeffort for deploying to low-complexity clients, such as alternative datainput, no customization, limited configurability, deployment options,and the like. Alternate data input may include input via spreadsheets sothat clients with limited volume and complexity may be able to providetheir data through spreadsheets that may be supplied with the platform100. The spreadsheet may have embedded functionality that automates thetransformation and loading of information, giving the customer morecontrol and limiting deployment or startup effort. Becausecustomizations take time and expertise they add to implementation costs.When client requirements fall within the range of configurability of theplatform 100 (e.g. within run-time configurability), the platform 100can be quickly configured and programming may not be required. Further,when client requirements can fit within a limited set of configurableoptions, the time to configure the system is reduced, and someconfiguration responsibility may be transferred to the client. Testingtime may also be drastically reduced. As described above, the platform100 may store each client data in its own schema, which facilitateseasier deployment through a template approach for configuration,installation, and use, and template use for supporting third party dataconfiguration ERPS, such as SAP, and the like.

The deployment of the platform 100 may involve a single package of filesand several scripts to complete integration with a client environment.One or more business applications can run on a computing resource, suchas a virtualized resource, with one or more clients being served by theapplications. A database server can host multiple client deployments perdatabase instance or place clients in a separate database instance. Theplatform may support deploying all components of the platform 100 ondedicated hardware, or packaged into an appliance for remote hostingwithin a firewall protected network. Deployment may also supportdeploying different portions of the platform (presentation layer,business application layer, model layer, and data persistence layer, forexample) to be executed on different systems to facilitate distributedprocessing environments.

The human resource management platform 100 may include a user interfacethat may be accessed through a web browser of a computer such as anetworked computer facility. The user interface may include variousscreens for facilitating a user interacting with the platform 100. Inaddition to the various screens as herein described for interacting withapplications, and the like, the user interface may also facilitatingissuing alerts to users. Alerts may be issued based on a range ofcriteria that is described elsewhere herein. An alert issued through theuser interface may include a configurable visual indication on acomputer display such as a pop-up window, or other visual notification.The alert may include a configurable audible aspect as well that mayplay through a speaker system of the computer through which the userinterface is accessed. Alerts may be context specific so that an alertissued through the user interface may be based at least in part on thecurrent activity of the user. In an example, a visual alert of aviolation of a budget guideline may be presented to the user while theuser is modifying budgets. Alerts may also be included in real-timedecision support features of the human resource management platform 100.

The user interface, or one or more portions of the user interface, maybe based on computer programming technology including without limitationDHTML, ADOBE FLEX, AJAX, JAVA, JAVASCRIPT, ADOBE FLASH, a combinationthereof, or a combination of one or more thereof and other computerprogramming languages, constructs, technology, images, graphics, menus,and the like.

Alerts presented through the user interface may guide the user in such away that the user can take appropriate action by interacting with thealert. In an example, a user may be changing a budget allocation thatimpacts another user's budget. An alert indicating that the other user'sbudget is impacted may be issued to the user and may provide a one-clickaction button to notify the other user of the budget impact. The alertmay also provide a one-click action button to escalate the alert toother users, such as those higher in the user's reporting hierarchy.

The Workscape Technology Platform provides a robust security model thatcombines an adaptable authentication mechanism with role-basedauthorization. The platform provides standard integration points forconnecting it into the client's SSO of choice. For clients who do notwish to integrate into an authentication service, the platform suppliesan alternate username and password authentication model, withconfigurable password generation and management. Authorization iscontrolled by configuration of roles and permissions, and associatingroles with individuals or groups of individuals. Permissions are keysthat unlock product functionality, and open access to certain type ofinformation to those who hold the permission. Roles can be created andconfigured that bundle together sets of these permissions, and then theroles can be assigned to individual users or assigned automatically tothose who meet certain criteria. The platform automatically resolves thepermissions granted to a user when the user logs in, and enforces thedata visibility and functionality restrictions at a very low level,below where configuration or business logic operates. Permissions areused to control visibility to data at a low level in the architecture.Queries into the database are filtered at a low level, to avoid pullinginformation into the system that the user is not authorized to access.

Authorized users are recognized when they log in and are presented withadditional administration functions based on their roles. Administratorsmay have access to functionality, or read-only access to certainemployee data, or full rights to act as certain employees. Certainadministrators may also be able to affect runtime configurationparameters of the application, changing its behavior in real time. Thehuman resource management platform 100 may include information that isconfidential and personal about employees, employers, corporate orbusiness plans, and the like. To facilitate providing appropriateprotection of such confidential and personal information, the userinterface of the human resource management platform may include securityservices. Security services such as unique user names, user login names,secret passwords, authority access levels, and the like may be embodiedin the human resource management platform 100. The user interface mayinclude initial login validation through a secure access method such asrequiring a potential user to enter a user name and associated secretpassword. This first level of security may be configurable through oneor more services such as UpdateUser, ProcessLogin, and CancelLogin. Anauthorized administrator may access one or more of these services toestablish and manage user accounts for the purposes of securing thehuman resource management platform 100 login processes. Alternatively,one or more of these services may be automated and may be invoked by auser interacting with the human resource management platform 100 througha login screen of the user interface. In an example, an administratormay invoke the UpdateUser service to change a user password, such as inresponse to a request from the user. In another example, a user maysuccessfully login to the human resource management platform 100 with avalid username and password and manually invoke the UpdateUser serviceto change an aspect of the user's account (e.g. password). A usermanually invoking UpdateUser may be considered a self-service aspect ofthe human resource management platform 100. Services such asProcessLogin and CancelLogin may be invoked automatically. In anexample, a user selecting a ‘login’type button on a login screen of theuser interface may automatically invoke the ProcessLogin service toperform user credential validation. If the credential validation fails,CancelLogin may be automatically invoked. Manual use of these servicesmay support an administrator creating login credentials for a useraccount (ProcessLogin) or removing a user (CancelLogin).

The human resource management platform 100 may include publicationchange services to facilitate publishing changes to data or dataelements. Changes to data, such as databases of the human resourcemanagement platform 100 that are made by both internal and externalapplications may be published. In an example, an internal applicationthat makes a change to employee email contact information may publishthat information so that subscribers to the publication change servicemay receive the updated employee email contact information. Similarly,an external application, such as a third party health insuranceapplication, may publish information about changes to employee status(e.g. change in coverage selected, change in coverage status) and thelike. Publication change services may also provide queue management forsubscribers to the service so that a higher priority publication may bepushed higher in a queue of a subscriber than a lower prioritypublication. In this way, urgent changes or changes that may be requiredto fully support subsequent changes may be processed before less urgentor dependent changes. Internet publication and change notificationmethods such as RSS may be supported by the publication change servicesof the human resource management platform 100.

The human resource management platform 100 may use a publication changeservice to manage subscription to third party or external applicationsto facilitate receiving information. The business functions and otherelement of the human resource management platform 100 may use thepublication change services to facilitate timely updating any externallysupplied data used by the business functions. Such inbound data may bepublished to the human resource management platform 100 with certainpolicies and attributes determined by the source system of the data. Thepublication change services may process the attributes to ensurecompliance with the policies is maintained as data is published withinthe human resource management platform 100. Publication methods such asRSS may be included in the publication change services inboundcapabilities.

Publication change services may work cooperatively with other elementsof the human resource management platform 100 so that the publicationchange service may receive a confirmation of receipt from the otherelements. Alternatively, the publication change service may issueannouncements or push changes to subscribers without accepting orrequiring a confirmation of receipt.

The publication change services may monitor a data repository or someportion of a data repository so that any changes made to the datarepository can be published. Monitoring may be based on events—such aschanges, on a schedule—such as each hour, on a request—such as abusiness function initiated subscription request, and the like. Althoughthe publication change services may monitor a data repository to detectchanges to the repository, the publication change service may beconfigured to only publish certain data elements or classes of elements.In an example, a data repository that contains employee confidential andnon-confidential information may be monitored, yet only changes to thenon-confidential information may be published when a change is detected.The human resource management platform 100 may support data in a datarepository that can be published without using the full capabilities ofthe publication change services. In an example, data in XML file formatin a data repository may be published to applications of the humanresource management platform 100 that use XML formatted data simply bytransferring the XML formatted data to the applications.

Elements of the human resource management platform 100, such as internalapplications, business services, business functions, data accesscomponents, platform services, publication change services, and the likemay use XML or JAVA to communicate. XML Schema such as OAGIS 8.0 andHR-XML standards may be employed in communications. Communications mayalso be accomplished by forming, exchanging, and decoding BusinessObject Documents that may themselves be encoded in XML. A businessobject document of the human resource management platform 100 mayinclude an application area (e.g. for identifying a sender) and a dataarea (e.g. for defining a business operation).

A business object document may include an XML verb—such as add, delete,lookup, and the like, and a noun—such as a data value, data field, andthe like. A business function or service receiving the business objectdocument may use the data referenced in the noun to perform the functiondescribed by the verb. In an example, an UpdateDependents verb with aDependent noun may add the name of the dependent to the employee's listof dependents. The business service or function that performed theUpdateDependents may provide a business object document response thatincludes information such as date of update, status of the update, flagsor messages returned by the business service, and the like. The businessobject document communication flow may include request-response XML verbpairs that define a service method. In an example, a lookupDependentsbusiness service method accepts an XML document conforming to theLookupDependents schema and responds with an XML document conforming tothe ShowDependents schema. Communicating through business objectdocuments also facilitate making changes to functions, services, andapplications, such as program or algorithm changes, without having tochange aspects of the communication or the interfaces to the humanresource management platform 100 elements.

Business object documents may be used in communication between the humanresource management platform 100 and external services, applications,users, devices, and the like. To provide security, and maintaincompatibility with industry standard messaging and communicationsystems, a business object document may be wrapped in an envelope suchas is used in web service requests defined by S O A P. Security, errorchecking, and the like may be supported by through the envelopingprocess, thereby allowing the human resource management platform 100elements to focus on the content of the business object document.

The human resource management platform 100 may also include businessservices to provide service to applications. Business services mayinclude managerial services for managing proxies and authoritydelegation, payroll services for processing employee related pay,compensation services for planning and managing compensation plans andprograms, benefits services for beneficiary and dependent management,communication services for handling corporate communications, corporateservices for corporate wide data such as job descriptions anddirectories, worklist services for individuals to access work items,self-service services for employees to access and maintain information,security services for managing users and access, budgeting services foradministering and monitoring budgets, reporting services, integrationservices for providing transfer management, hierarchy services forestablishing and maintaining employee hierarchies, process services fordefining and monitoring business processes, and performance managementservices for facilitating performance rating and goals management.

The platform may support off-cycle changes to any aspect ofcompensation, performance, and benefits. Off-cycle changes may beintegrated with focal transactions so that a user, such as a manager,may access and maintain both off-cycle and focal transactions through asingle user interface. Such integration may facilitate giving a managerthe ability to plan all compensation changes for an entire compensationcycle (e.g. one calendar year) through a single interface. The sameinterface may be used throughout the year for off-cycle changes andmaintenance, such as for approving a compensation plan and for acting onthe approved plan. The single user interface for focal and off-cyclechanges may also be facilitated by budget sharing, application logic andrule sharing, and the like. In an example, an employee may achieve aperformance goal that has associated with it a compensation increase.The employee achieves the performance goal in May and the next on-cyclecompensation adjustment is December, so the employee's manager initiatesan off-cycle change. The manager may use the single interface hereindescribed to perform all the necessary steps to execute the off-cycleadjustment. In this example, because the compensation adjustment isincluded in the compensation plan since it was tied to a performancegoal, the manager may review and approve the change to the employee'scompensation plan through the single interface. The manager may, withinthe same interface establish any new compensation plans, such as anychanges that may be approved at the end of the current compensationcycle. A single interface for focal and off-cycle compensation,performance, or benefits changes and maintenance eliminates needing tolearn separate interfaces for off-cycle and on-cycle compensationplanning and maintenance activity. The single interface also allowsautomatic coordinated access to plans and budgets, rather than using adisconnected off-cycle system, such as separate spreadsheets. Suchdisconnected or off-line methods prove impractical and error prone whenapplied to organizations with a large number of employees.

The human resource management platform 100 may include applicationstargeted to solve a variety of human resource, compensation, andperformance management problems. Applications of the human resourcemanagement platform 100 may include business applications such asperformance driven compensation. A performance driven compensationapplication may provide a single solution for driving employeeperformance and organizational success by automation of goal setting,performance measurement, and employee rewards by directly linkingperformance results to rewards. By joining compensation planning andgoal and performance management, a performance driven compensationapplication may facilitate extending pay for performance programsthroughout an organization. Applications of the human resourcemanagement platform 100 may be implemented based on various technologiesto provide easy integration. In an example, applications may be writtenin the Java programming language, and they may be built as a web-basedsystem with a user interface using ADOBE FLEX technologies.

A performance driven compensation application may provide a variety offeatures to achieve pay for performance integration in an organization.A user interface of the application may include presenting all relevantinformation, feature selection, notifications, and user information onone computer display screen. Such a user interface may facilitateoperation and training to operate the application, while preserving timeefficiency during use or maintenance.

The application may include integration with other applications of thehuman resource management platform 100 as herein disclosed. Integrationmay facilitate providing visibility for the user and the features of theapplication into Key Performance Indicators (KPI) that may improvecontrol and governance as can be determined through KPIs. Integration ofcompensation planning with performance driven compensation may provideadditional benefits to strategic and tactical, or short term planningactivities. In an example, visibility into the current performance of anorganization may facilitate compensation planning for the organization.An organization that is performing above expectations as determinedperhaps by KPIs, can be anticipated to continue to perform aboveexpectations in a future compensation period being planned.

Goals management, a crucial aspect of performance driven compensationmay be supported in the human resource management platform 100 throughgoal achievement planning and assessment within a corporate objectivessetting. By providing visibility into goal achievement, the humanresource management platform 100 can apply performance drivencompensation so that it can be tracked to corporate objectives. Bylinking, such as through visibility, goal achievement and corporateobjectives, performance driven compensation can facilitate drivingcompensation to groups or individuals in the corporation who contributeto corporate objectives. Although managers and other participants in thehuman resource management platform 100 may have flexibility in someaspects of compensation allocation, compensation for goals achievementfocused on corporate objectives can be automated within a performancedriven compensation application.

Another aspect of performance that may be included in a performancedriven compensation application is competency management. Competencymanagement studies, tests, and other measures may be associated withperformance driven compensation through competency libraries orstandards. Competency libraries or standards may be established withinan organization using the human resource management platform 100, or maybe supplied by or facilitated by a third party. The human resourcemanagement platform 100 may provide, such as through data accesscomponents, access to external competency libraries that may beavailable through professional certification programs and organizations,government agencies, industry watch dog groups, trade unions, and thelike. A performance driven compensation application may providecompetency management a place within an assessment scheme so thatcompensation can be driven based at least in part on competency. In anexample, an electrician may be required to take a test to be certifiedto work in the state of Massachusetts. The tests may provide assessmentfor basic certification for a journeyman electrician, and advancedcertification for a master electrician. An employee's compensation maybe impacted by his/her level of certification. In another example,another state, such as New York may have similar tests, yet theassessment criteria may be somewhat different. Competency libraries mayfacilitate compensating a master electrician in New York equitably witha master electrician in Massachusetts by establishing a consistentrelationship between the external certification of each state and theperformance driven compensation guidelines within the human resourcemanagement platform 100.

When goal management and competency management are aligned, performancedriven compensation plans may be improved. In an example, when anemployee's goals include competency preparation and assessment, they arein alignment. Therefore, an employee who focuses on competency is alsofocusing on goals. Compensation aspects of competency management may beautomated in a performance driven compensation application of the humanresource management platform 100.

A performance driven compensation application may also include featuresto facilitate employee development planning. Features for employeedevelopment planning may include automated evaluation workflows tofacilitate timely performance reviews. Performance reviews are oftendelivered late, and with less specificity than needed for efficient useof a performance driven compensation application. However, theimplications of late performance reviews extend beyond an impact on ahuman resource management platform 100. Implications can includeperformance and achievement deficiencies, and increased anxiety ofemployees. Ensuring timely performance reviews may provide timely inputto a performance driven compensation application regarding performancerelated aspects of compensation. It may also give an employee anopportunity to receive some performance review input even if a managermay be delayed in completing a subjective or written portion of areview.

If compensation in the human resource management platform 100 is basedat least in part on a measure of employee performance, then timelyemployee performance reviews can also provide needed measures of theemployee performance. In an example, an employee review may be requiredfor the employee to receive an annual compensation adjustment that mayinclude a performance bonus. An automated performance review workflowmay provide at least some of the measures of the employee performancewhen needed to deliver a timely compensation adjustment and/orperformance bonus. At least some of the measures may includedeliverables identified in the employee's performance plan such as maybe defined in a goal management, competency management, KPI, and thelike. Automated performance review workflows may also automaticallyidentify manager performance measures such as when a manager does notcomplete a performance review on time.

Automated performance review workflows may integrate with other aspectsof the human resource management platform 100, or other applicationssuch as time scheduling and management applications by providing anintegrated task inbox. Linking aspects of the human resource managementplatform 100 through an integrated task box may facilitate a managerviewing how completion of each task, such as completing a performancereview, can impact other tasks. Likewise an integrated inbox may providea mechanism for a manager to view how a late performance review cancause other tasks that depend on the performance review completion, canbecome overdue, or otherwise critically impact aspects such as planningcycles, dispersing bonuses, and the like.

The human resource management platform 100 may facilitate automatedperformance review workflows through the use of online evaluation forms.The online evaluation forms may be integrated with the other aspects ofthe human resource management platform 100 such as goals management,competency management, KPI, corporate objectives, compensation plans,and the like to facilitate use and data consistency throughout all theaspects of human resource management supported by the human resourcemanagement platform 100. Online evaluation forms may includeconfigurable performance review forms that support the best practices ofthe corporation. Aspects of the forms may be configurable specificallyto ensure best practices are observed, while other aspects of the formmay be configurable to support individual manager or employee needs.

The human resource management platform 100 may also support onlineevaluation form creation and management. The human resource managementplatform 100 may also support template based creation of onlineevaluation forms. In an example, a template may identify specificconfigurable areas of an evaluation form that may be specified by afacilitator of the human resource management platform 100. These areasmay include corporate best practices, industry or government standardreview criteria, employee based information from other aspects of thehuman resource management platform 100, and the like. The template mayalso include user configurable areas that may be configured by a managerand/or an employee to support aspects of performance review not coveredelsewhere in the form. In an example, a goals achievement portion of aperformance review may be identified in a template as restricted frommanager or employee changes because the information would be importedfrom the goals management portion of the human resource managementplatform 100.

Online evaluation forms may facilitate harmonizing performanceevaluation across departments, business units, geographies,subsidiaries, languages, and international laws, while offering theflexibility to support a wide variety of management styles, employeeinput, performance driven compensation plans, and the like.

A performance driven compensation application may include reportingfacilities. Reporting may include standard reports and ad hoc reportingcapabilities to support a wide range of reporting requirements.Reporting and analytics that may be integrated with the performancedriven compensation application within the human resource managementplatform 100 may facilitate easy access to actionable data and analysisresults. In an example, an analysis of compensation, such as a gapanalysis, may be included in the performance driven compensationapplication so that the gap analysis may be reported per employee, pergroup, and the like. The report may include data that is associated withaspects of the human resource management platform 100 such ascompensation plans, payroll activity, hold backs, bonus calculations,performance based compensation, goals achievement, and any otherinformation that may provide actionable analysis of compensation gaps.

The human resource management platform 100 may include audit featuressuch as audit trails and feedback logs. Audit features may be associatedwith the performance driven compensation application. Audit features maysupport establishing audit monitoring tools to facilitate automatedauditing of transactions associated with the platform. Automatedauditing may facilitate compliance with accounting and other standardssuch as Equal Employment Opportunity Act of 1972, Sarbanes Oxley, OSHA,Fair Labor Standards Act, Minimum Wage Standards, and the like. Auditingmay include confirming an effective payroll function has beenestablished, all employee data in the system is accurate and appropriateto the personal issues of the employee, confidentiality of personneldata is maintained, payroll data is completely and accuratelyaccumulated in underlying financial records in the proper accountingperiods, salary and other payments to employees (e.g. basic payments,additions to basic pay, bonuses, performance based compensation) areproperly calculated and authorized, tax legislation is being followed(national and local legislation) entry verification, users areidentified and their actions tracked, payroll costs are in line withbudgeting objectives, and the like. Audit trails may facilitate recoveryof entries, downloads, and changes in data associated with the platform100. Feedback logs may be associated with the performance drivencompensation application so that any form of feedback such as employeefeedback, auditor feedback, visitor feedback, manager feedback, and thelike may be recorded. Feedback logs may periodically reviewed bymanagement, an administrator of the performance driven compensationapplication, or other participant in the platform 100. The review offeedback logs may be automated by a computer system performing keywordmatching of feedback logs against a list of critical keywords orphrases. This may allow a feedback log entry that meets a criterionassociated with keyword and keyphrase matching may automatically bepresented to an administrator, management, or other appropriateparticipant in the platform 100. In this way, although all feedback logsmay be recorded and permanently stored, those meeting an escalationcriterion are sure to receive a human review by the appropriate person.

The performance driven compensation application may facilitateconfiguration of performance programs. Performance programs may beconfigured by a participant of the human resource management platform100 such as a client. Performance program configuration may includeconfiguring compensation plans, future accounting periods (e.g. upcomingyear performance target plans), and the like. Configuration optionsassociated with the performance driven compensation application mayaccommodate complex compensation plans, such as plans that incorporategoals management, competency management, employee development planning,employee performance reviews, performance based bonus, automated bonuspayment, and the like.

The human resource management platform 100 may be associated with inputcompliance verification facilities. Compliance of input may be valuableand useful to a performance driven compensation application by providingspelling checking, legal language checking, and the like. Compliance ofinput verification may include verifying input meets corporate and legalstandards (e.g. minimum wage standards), and the like. Spelling checkingmay facilitate reducing mistakes in data records such as employee names.In an example, an employee name being input may be compared to all validemployee names and the input may be flagged for further verification ifit does not match any of the valid employee names. This may also beuseful to help distinguish between similar employee names, such asemployees Robert Smith from Bobby Smith when the name Bob Smith isentered. Legal language check may facilitate ensuring that comments,goals, or other performance-related information or other requirements onwhich performance may be based does not violate any regulations,corporate policy, contracts, and the like. In an example, in describingan employee, a manager may choose an inappropriate word to describe heror her performance. As a system of record for this information, theapplication will prevent the user from committing this information tothe database until the offending word is removed. This may providevisual, audible, and other alerts to the user making the input.

A performance driven compensation application may include support forcomplex organizations. Large corporations and other large entities arecommonly organized as a matrix that includes multiple levels ofhierarchy for reporting, performance, planning, and compensation.Therefore, by supporting multiple levels of hierarchy and matrixorganizations, the performance driven compensation application may meetthe critical needs of large organizations. Hierarchy and matrix supportmay include individual hierarchy (e.g. employee-manager), group ordivision hierarchy (e.g. department within a group within a division),entity hierarchy (subsidiaries), and multi-national ownership (e.g.Daimler Chrysler), municipal (school dept within a town government), andthe like.

Career development may be associated with the human resource managementplatform 100 such as through a performance driven compensationapplication. Career development may be useful and beneficial to employeecareer planning by providing a visible or tangible benefit to achievinga level of performance included in the modeling. The performance drivencompensation application may allow employees to interact with theplatform 100 to model various career alternatives based on aspects ofperformance such as competency, goals, performance, development,promotion, and the like. In an example, an employee who is interested inachieving a promotion to a senior contributor position may view theperformance, goals, competency, and other requirements of the positionthrough the platform. The employee can further model his/her career forachieving various aspects of the requirements, such as taking andpassing a professional exam or other competency measurement.

A human resource representative, manager, or the like may usecompensation modeling because it can streamline evaluation ofcompensation alternatives. In an example, a manager may modelcompensation for his department based on alternatives such as goalachievement to determine how he can keep within compensation guidelinesor rules and yet provide an environment for compensation growth for theemployees in his department. The manager may use the information gainedfrom the modeling to guide individual employees such as through aperformance or development plan associated with the performance drivencompensation application.

The performance driven compensation and benefits business applicationmay include a user interface for inputting and presenting compensationrelated information. The user interface may present a single screen ofinformation that may allow a user, such as a manager, to perform atleast essential functions related to compensation planning andmanagement. The single screen may alternatively allow a user to view andinteract with all of the information related to compensation planningand/or management. The single screen may combine the functionality ofseveral related but independently presented screens in contemporarycompensation planning systems. By including and effectively presentingthe information and functionality of several screens into one, an entityusing a performance driven compensation and benefits application mayrealize substantial time and cost savings, particularly when theplatform 100 supports thousands of employees.

The user interface of the performance driven compensation and benefitsapplication may be configured to present compensation information,receive user input, and direct the user input to the functional modulesof the platform 100, resulting in one or more updates of the informationpresented in the user interface.

The performance driven compensation and benefits application userinterface for inputting and presenting compensation related informationmay be configured with additional support screens that may be displayedin coordination with the single screen. The support screens mayfacilitate presenting information associated with compensation planningand/or management that may not be presented on the single screen.Associated information may include calculations of information presentedin the single screen. The support screens may present information usedto derive the data presented in the single screen such as formulas,rules, guidelines, sources of information, pending information, and thelike. The support screens may also facilitate inputting information thatmay affect the single screen or the compensation application, but maynot be necessary to display on the single screen, such as an employee'ssocial security number, or an employee's educational degree, and thelike. This information may facilitate identifying the employee who isthe subject of the compensation planning activity on the single screen.Information such as the number of employees having similar jobfunctions, their average salary, and the like are other examples ofsupport screen information.

Referring to FIG. 10, the human resource management system 100 may beaccessed by a user interface. The user interface may be used to view anemployee profile 1002 or a team profile 1004. In either view, anemployee may have access to a dashboard view 1008 of selected functions,measures, and the like, or may switch the view to the individualperformance 1010, succession/career path 1012, or compensation 1014tabs. In the dashboard view, goal alignment/obstacles 1018 for theindividual or team may be displayed, a performance evaluation statusmeter 1020 may be shown, the aggregate flight risk 1022 for the team maybe displayed, the aggregate alert level 1024 for the team may be shown,and the like. Flight risk 1022 may be a quantitative measure forlikelihood of leaving the organization which is based on certain factorsrelated to an employee. In an embodiment, certain factors, such ascommuting distance, dissatisfaction with salary, limited growthpotential, and impending retirement may all factor into flight risk. Forexample, flight risk may be calculated algorithmically and each factormay contribute incrementally to the calculated flight risk. Factors maybe selected by managers or employees. It should be understood that otherfactors may also contribute to flight risk. The dashboard view may showa ranking of employees by flight risk. Alert level 1024 may be aquantitative measure for evaluating the disposition of an employee.Alert level 1024 may be an algorithmic combination of at least two ofnumber of successors, flight risk, and loss impact. It should beunderstood that other factors may also contribute to alert level. Thedashboard view may show a ranking of employees by alert level.

Referring to FIG. 11, a performance tab 1010 in a human resourcemanagement system 100 may comprise access to performance reports 1104,access to a goal library 1102, performance planning information 1108,performance ratings 1110, and the like. For example, for each employeeor team member, a progress meter 1112 may demonstrate progress towardssetting goals for a time period. Goals may be set either by theemployee, the manager, or a third party. Status, approval dates, andobstacles associated with performance planning may also be shown.Ratings 1110 may be self-ratings, manager ratings, peer ratings, orthird-party ratings

FIG. 12 depicts selecting an individual in the performance tab 1010 of ahuman resource management system 100. While the figure depicts selectionof the individual in the performance tab 1010, selecting an individualin any of the tabs of the human resource management system 100 may bringup a snapshot of the individual profile 1202. The snapshot 1202 may havetabs for compensation, succession, performance, and the like. Forexample, in the compensation tab, a salary meter may show the employee'ssalary as it relates to a salary range. A salary history over time mayalso be shown, along with the potential to view additional history.

Referring to FIG. 13, a succession/career path tab 1012 in a humanresource management system 100 may comprise access to an organizationalchart 1302, a depth chart 1304, a succession report 1308, a Nine Box,number of successors, values for flight risk, loss impact, alert level,and career path, potential, and the like. A Nine Box is a successionreport identifying where each individual lies on intersecting continuafor potential and performance. Number of successors is the number ofother employees who could replace the employee should they leave theorganization. Loss impact may be an estimate, either calculatedalgorithmically or indicated manually, of the impact of employee loss onthe organization. Career path indicates the number of potentialadvancements available for the employee within the organization.Potential indicates how much potential the employee possesses, asevaluated by the manager or other party, such as a high, medium, low, orno potential. Flight risk and alert level are as described previouslyherein.

Referring to FIG. 14, a compensation tab 1014 in a human resourcemanagement system 100 may comprise access to a team plan 1402 or anemployee plan, a compensation report 1404, a salary range meter 1408depicting the current salary with respect to a salary range, a hire date1410, an indication of FLSA eligibility 1412, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 15, a notifications window 1502 of a human resourcemanagement system 100 may indicate items requiring the individual'sattention, their due date, and the like. For example, notifications mayinclude a reminder to perform a performance evaluation, do salaryplanning for direct reports, plan annual goals for direct reports, andthe like.

Referring to FIG. 16, a full individual profile of a team member oremployee in a human resource management system 100 may include a list ofactions 1602 that can be taken for the individual, goals 1604,development activities 1608, salary 1610 as compared to range, a salaryhistory 1612, succession information 1614, employment history 1618, andthe like. In the full profile view, a manager may switch employees, suchas by using a pull down menu 1619, navigation links 1620, or the like.The manager may be able to create a new goal 1622, create a newdevelopment activity 1624, and the like.

For example, and referring now to FIG. 17, when a manager or employeemay want to create a new goal, they may select a ‘Create New Goal’button, which may cause a new goal creation window 1702 to appear. AGoal Name may be assigned and a Goal Description may be entered. Themanager or employee may indicate how achievement will be measured withrespect to the goal. A start date and a due date may be given for thegoal. The goal may be aligned to another goal if it directly support anorganizational goal or a manager's goal. Referring additionally to FIGS.18A & B, FIG. 18A depicts a list view of the goals section of theprofile. In this view, goals may be added from a goal library 1802,actions 1804 may be taken with a goal, the name of the goal 1808 may beshown, the weighting 1810 with respect to other goals, the importance1812 of the goal, the obstacles associated with the goal 1814, theprogress 1818 towards reaching the goal, the goal due date 1820, and thelike. FIG. 18B depicts a schedule view of the goals section. In thisview, the goal progress is indicated along a timeline.

Referring to FIG. 19A, a goal library window 1902 may includecapabilities for creating a new goal 1922, assigning a goal to anemployee 1904, suggesting a goal for an employee 1908, and the like. Thegoal library 1902 may show the goal name, who the goal is assigned to,who the goal is suggested to, the popularity of the goal, when the goalwas last updated, and the like. In FIG. 19B, the goal assignment window1910 appears after selecting the action of assigning the goal. Assigneesof the goal may be selected from direct or indirect reports or themanager herself. The goal may be assigned to multiple employees. Goalsmay be assigned to an employee or several employees by selecting a namefrom a list and dragging and dropping the name on to a goal assignmentwindow or selecting the action of assigning the goal. Goals may be addedfrom a library. For example, in FIG. 20A, a goal may be added that isselected from the company goals, a library of goals, as in FIG. 20B,shared for use with multiple employees, the manager's goals, anotheremployee's goals, and the like. Selecting the goal may bring upadditional description, as in FIG. 20C, of the goal and the option toadd the goal to a plan, to an employee's goals, to a manager's goals,and the like. Managers may be able to copy goals across severalemployees.

Referring now to FIG. 21A, a new development activities window 2102 mayappear after selecting the action of adding a new development activity1624. The development activity name, description, start date, and duedate may be indicated. A course 2104, seminar, meeting, or the like maybe linked to the development activity, as in FIG. 21B. A developmentdriver may be specified for the development activity. An option foradding the activity may also be provided. FIG. 21C shows an enlargedview of the development activities section showing the activity added inFIG. 21B on a schedule view.

Referring to FIG. 22, a succession/career path snapshot 2202 of a teammember is shown. The snapshot 2202 displays the number of successors, anoption for adding successors, an option for switching the view to theemployee's successors, alert level, flight risk, loss impact, likelyreasons for leaving and the like. A manager or an employee may selectreasons for leaving in the snapshot 2202, which get used in thecalculation for alert level, flight risk, loss impact, and the like, asdescribed previously herein. FIG. 23A depicts a search window 2302 forsearching for an employee to add as a successor. Search may includesearch by name, search by keywords, search with filters on, such aswithin certain departments, within the entire organization, only highpotential employees, only low flight risk employees, only employees of acertain performance rating, only employees with a certain salary orsalary range expectation, and the like. The results of the search maypull up employees. The search results may include the employee's name,job title, promotion potential, willingness to relocate, and any numberof other items associated with and/or known for the employee. Optionsfor assigning the selected successor and comparing selected employeesare provided. FIG. 23B demonstrates an employee comparison window 2304of the human resource management system 100. For instance, snapshots1202 of multiple employee profiles may be shown in an adjacent view forcomparison.

FIG. 24 depicts an enlarged view of a Nine Box selection from asuccession/career path tab for an employee. In this example, the NineBox 2402 includes data for two employees; however, an option for viewingall employees/positions that the successor pool supports may beaccessed. A snapshot 2404 showing the successor's name, title, flightrisk, loss impact, alert level, performance, potential, readiness, andthe like may be shown, along with an option to view the successor's fullprofile. The successors may be plotted along the performance-potentialgraph.

FIG. 25 depicts a goals tab 2504 of a performance evaluation 2502. Inperforming a performance evaluation, the goals the employee wasattempting to meet during the time period of the evaluation may need tobe reviewed. Any information related to the goal may be displayed, suchas weighting, alignment, start date, completion date, measures, and thelike. An employee self-rating, progress towards the goal, obstacles, andthe like may be displayed. There may be an opportunity for a manager orother party to rate the employee with respect to the goals, providecommentary, indicate that the goal or the employee is too new to rate,and the like.

FIG. 26 depicts a development activities tab 2602 of a performanceevaluation. In performing a performance evaluation, the developmentactivities the employee was attempting to perform during the time periodof the evaluation may need to be reviewed. Any information related tothe development activities may be displayed, such as weighting,alignment, start date, completion date, and the like. An employeeself-rating, progress towards the development activity, obstacles, andthe like may be displayed. There may be an opportunity for a manager orother party to rate the employee with respect to the developmentactivities, provide commentary, indicate that the development activityor the employee is too new to rate, and the like.

FIG. 27 depicts a competencies tab 2702 of a performance evaluation.Competencies may be valued at a percentage of the total performancescore. For example, one competency may be accountability. Competenciesmay have themes. For example, a theme of accountability may be goalachievement. There may be levels of accountability. Employees mayself-rate their competency at the level of the competency, theme, level,or the like. Competencies may be evaluated by studies, tests, measuresand the like. Competencies may be provided by an internal competencylibrary, an external competency library such as one available throughprofessional certification programs and organizations, governmentagencies, industry watch dog groups, trade associations, and the like.

FIG. 28 depicts a review tab 2802 of a performance evaluation. Theevaluator may see a summary of the evaluation just performed, such asgoal ratings and comments, development activity ratings and comments,competency ratings and comments, and the like. The evaluator may havethe option to submit the evaluation.

FIG. 29 depicts a confirmation tab 2902 of a performance evaluation forconfirming the successfully submitted evaluation and providing theopportunity of printing the evaluation.

It should be understood that any action or function described herein maybe performed by an employee in a self-service operation, by a manager,by a third party, and the like, unless otherwise indicated.

The compensation planning and management application user interface mayfacilitate integrating aspects of a performance application with thecompensation application. Aspects of a performance application that maybe integrated with a compensation application may include withoutlimitation performance rating, such as individual performance rating,project group or department performance rating, business unit or entityperformance rating, and the like. An employee may be given a performancerating and the performance rating may be input to a compensation planand combined with guidelines of the compensation plan to provide arecommended compensation. In an example, an employee may be given aperformance rating of ‘exceeds expectation’ and a compensation guidelinefor an employee who exceeds expectation may present a recommended meritincrease of 7%, whereas the guideline for an employee who meetsexpectation may present a recommended merit increase of 4.5%. Thecompensation application user interface single screen may display theemployee rating, information representing other aspects of the employeethat relate to the compensation guideline, the recommendation, and thelike. The recommendation may include, without limitation, a base salary,a merit increase, a merit increase guideline, a bonus, a one-timeadjustment, and the like.

Aspects of a performance application may automatically be communicatedfrom the performance application to a compensation application tofacilitate the compensation planning, management, and modeling hereindescribed. The communication may occur through data sharing, datareplication, data indexing, and the like. Data representing aspects ofthe performance application may be presented to the user through theuser interface in the single screen, in one or more support screens, orin a combination thereof.

The compensation planning user interface may facilitate modeling ofemployee compensation. By allowing a user to change one or more dataelements related to the compensation plan, a model compensation plan maybe presented to the user. In an example, the user may input ananticipated performance rating for an employee to see the impact on theemployee's compensation and a compensation play for a department,division, business unit and the like. By changing the anticipatedperformance rating, aspects of the compensation plan may change.

The performance driven compensation planning and management userinterface may provide a unified screen or set or screens to facilitateperformance and compensation planning in an integrated way. A unifiedperformance and compensation planning and management screen mayfacilitate a user, such as a manager in planning and/or managing acoordinated compensation and performance plan. Planning and managementin organizations that base some portion of compensation on performanceresults (pay-for-performance) may benefit from an integrated userinterface.

The compensation application user interface may facilitate planningand/or managing a single employee or a plurality of employees. Theplurality of employees may be related through one or more of thefollowing, without limitation—employee attributes, such as title,aspects of compensation, department, location, business unit ordivision, responsibilities, years of service, manager, performancerating, and the like. Compensation aspects that may relate the pluralityof employees represented in the single compensation planning screen mayinclude base salary, employment status, bonus plan, payment period, andthe like. An employee employment status may include, without limitation,one or more of full-time, part time, hourly, exempt, permanent,temporary, direct, contract, and other characterizations of status suchas active, inactive, retired, and the like.

The user interface, or one or more portions of the user interface, maybe based on computer programming technology including without limitationDHTML, AJAX, JAVA, JAVASCRIPT, ADOBE FLASH, a combination thereof, or acombination of one or more thereof and other computer programminglanguages, constructs, technology, images, graphics, menus, and thelike.

The platform may include feedback logs. Feedback logs may facilitate thecollection and use of timely feedback on employee performance in aperformance appraisal process. Feedback logs may also facilitateproviding active feedback to employees throughout the entire reviewcycle, such as a year, thereby supporting more timely feedback ratherthan leaving a performance discussion as a once-per-year event. Thefeedback log may be configured similarly to a diary or blog ofperformance and may support entering notes on feedback, editingfeedback, and the like. In another way similar to a blog, feedback logsmay allow the review of historical entries so comments left over timemay be examined. By focusing on making sure there is an opportunity forongoing discussion or logs of employee performance, such as events for amanager to incorporate into a formal performance appraisal, the employeeand the manager may work off of common information related toperformance, resulting in a potentially less contentious or stressfulappraisal. Timely feedback recorded in a feedback log may allow anemployee to make timely adjustments toward improved performance.

The feedback logs support an entity's organization of employees.Organizational aspects such as hierarchy, departments, business units,and the like may be recognized by the feedback logs. The recognition andapplication of organization aspects may add integrity to the feedbackrecorded in the logs. Feedback logs may facilitate searching foremployees to leave feedback by, for example, allowing limited access toa list or directory of employees. Feedback logs may be configured withsecurity and use terms that ensure an employee has the opportunity toreview and agree with security and use terms prior to enabling feedbackon their performance through the feedback logs.

Feedback logs may include features that facilitate using and managingthe logs. Feedback logs could include prompts associated withperformance and/or compensation feedback. Prompts may include, withoutlimitation, event bibliographic information such as time, date, projectinfo, client/customer, and the like. Prompts may also include access toprior feedback left by the person leaving the feedback, such as forcontext. Prompts may include offering selectable performance appraisalrating alternatives, such as below, meets, and exceeds expectations.Prompts may also include, without limitation, feedback entry forms.

An individual user who has agreed to the use terms to allow others toleave feedback may configure access control associated with his/herfeedback log. The access control may include, without limitation,permitting a subset of employees to have read access to a user'sfeedback log. Read access control may also be configured on an entry byentry basis so that a user may specify for any entry which employees mayview it. In an example, an employee with a positive feedback log entrymay want to allow other employees to see the feedback. The accesscontrol may also include permitting a subset of employees to have writeaccess to leave feedback in the log. For either read or write access,specifying which employees have the access may be done through theorganizational aspects supported by feedback logs. In an example, anemployee may permit all employees in his department to have read andwrite access, while employees in another business unit may only havewrite access.

To make the feedback log a widely useful method of collecting feedbackon employees, the employee leaving the feedback may indicate thefeedback is confidential and can only be viewed by a human resourcesrepresentative and/or the manager of the employee receiving thefeedback. In this way, an identified employee may leave feedback withoutconcern for the employee receiving the feedback to know the exactsource.

A user interface for the feedback log or one that incorporates feedbacklog functionality may include templates such as a review template thatmay include key questions, section headings, samples, and the like tofacilitate an employee leaving effective and potentially constructivefeedback. A template may provide a structure for an employee to use thefeedback logs as a diary to provide further context to the comments andfeedback left by others. A feedback log user interface may also supportstructured searching of the log so that themes, projects, and othercommon subjects can be identified and possibly grouped. The feedback logmay also include capabilities to provide feedback to the person leavingthe feedback, such as an indication that the feedback has been readand/or used in a performance appraisal.

Feedback logs may be integrated with a performance planning andmanagement application. A user interface for a performance planningand/or compensation planning system may provide access to feedback logsso that while using the performance planning user interface, such as torate an employee, the user may access the logs. In this way, theperformance rating may be based on actual timely recorded feedbackrather than on a manager's memory or her current impression of theemployee which may be based on only the employee's most recentachievement or performance miscue. A user may access the feedback logsfrom within the performance application user interface to indicate astatus regarding the use of the feedback.

The platform may include succession planning and managementcapabilities. Succession planning and management may integrate with aperformance based compensation platform to facilitate using compensationand performance decisions within succession planning and management. Asemployee performance is evaluated and compensation adjusted accordingly,succession planning may incorporate aspects of employee evaluation andcompensation. Succession planning and management may facilitatecoordinating employee wants and needs with employer resource gapscreated by attrition, promotion or other employee changes. Performanceand compensation decision data and results may indicate areas ofemployee competency which may be applied to competency requirements fora position for which the company is managing a succession plan. In anexample, an employee in a senior manager role may be evaluated onbusiness development performance and the employee may be given anevaluation of expert in business development. A position for which thecompany is managing a succession plan may include extensive businessdevelopment responsibility and therefore the evaluated employee may befound to be a good match for the position based on the evaluation.

Succession planning and management may be integrated with compensationand performance in that compensation and performance attributes ofemployees may be queried, analyzed, or otherwise evaluated againstposition requirements for which a succession plan is being developed.Potential candidates for such a position may be identified based onperformance and a compensation budget plan may be developed based oncandidate compensation. Integrating succession planning withcompensation may facilitate an employer finding employees who have aminimized gap to the required position profile.

Fundamentally, companies go through rounds of planning, such as runningquarterly bonus plans. Every quarter the round of planning may startwith currently updated data, which may include the current year actualdata and the next quarter or year planned data. Over the course of ayear a lot of data that is used by the planning processes is changing.Therefore, the platform supports data independence. Data independencefacilitates a client who may want to have different sets of dataavailable to their employees and managers for various tasks ex: twodifferent comp plans—one that is focal-based and one that is off-cyclebased. Focal-based is at a focal-point in time and involves looking achanges across a static population (e.g. the population in theorganization at the time the plan is prepared). Off-cycle is dominatedby making changes based on current manager input. Data independencefacilitates effectively stopping updating of data for a group ofemployees for a period of time. In an example, data independence mayinvolve making a copy of data that a manager needs to run an application(e.g. comp planning) and freezing out any subsequent changes to thatcopy of the data. This may be useful because compensation andperformance data may be updated regularly from customer data sources. Byfreezing the data for the specific purpose, other uses (e.g. off-cycle)or other focal-point activities can make and see data changes made tounfrozen data (e.g. after the data is frozen). At some point a user maywant to open up the frozen data and update or not update the data.Generally, all changes made since the data was frozen are made whenfrozen data is updated. The owner of the frozen data may not be allowedto choose which changes to allow. In an example: when a user isspecifying how to configure a compensation plan, the user may identifyif the plan will use the current data stream that may be updatedregularly or freeze data for processing.

In another example of data independence, performance analysis,compensation data may need to be fixed ahead of performance data tosupport assessing performance of the current state of the work usingcompensation data from an earlier planning round. Therefore, theplatform supports running various compensation and performanceapplications in a way so that it can freeze data for an execution of theapplication as needed and unfreeze it for another execution of theapplication as needed. Generally, the current period includes data thatis most up to date based on data receive from customer data sources.

In an alternative embodiment of data independence, a smart sync functionmay be used to draw data into an application-specific data set to form afrozen dataset for an instance of the application.

Alternatively, data independence can be similar to effective dating on acoarse level that forms a separate frozen data set for an app-instance.However, effective dating may have a performance overhead that may makeit unwieldy for a large datasets.

The human resource management platform 100 may provide facilities forintegrating information from a variety of sources including enterprisebusiness systems, such as planning, budgeting, accounting, organizationmanagement, and the like. Information may be provided to the humanresource management platform 100 to update the relevant data in thehuman resource management platform 100. In an embodiment of theinvention, information from external business and other systems may beintegrated on a regular basis, such as each day. Facilities forintegrating this information may provide smart synchronizationcapabilities that may allow a user/enterprise to detect changes ininformation received for integration and to decide how the data in theplatform reacts to the detected changes in the information. Dataindependence may be taken into consideration during integration so thateach independent set of data (e.g. a frozen set and a current stream)can be updated uniquely. In addition, facilities for integrating changesin information received may include an audit trail facility for trackingall changes resulting from integration of the information.

In an example, compensation data integration using the smartsynchronization facilities described herein may be part of regularly runprocess in which the platform 100 receives a stream of updated data. Tofacilitate proper and effective integration of externally provided data,a complete set of data (e.g. updated since the last time the externaldata was integrated) is received rather than change data which by itselfmay not include sufficient detail. The smart synchronization facilitiesperform a reconciliation process to determine the changes in thereceived data. The reconciliation process may include comparing receiveddata to data existing in the platform.

In another example of compensation planning that may include focalplanning as described herein and elsewhere, compensation plans may beimpacted by a personnel change, such as an employee transferring from afirst manager to a second manager. The business system informationreceived may reflect the change in employee reporting by representingthe employee now reporting to the second manager. The reconciliationprocess ensures that the data reflecting this change results in certainactions being taken within the platform to ensure that all elements thatdepend from the employee-manager relationship are properly updated.Actions may require that budgets be readjusted to reflect the employeechange. This may require money from the first manager budget to betransferred to the budget of the second manager. Pending authorizations(e.g. for a merit increase for the employee) may need to be changedbased on the employee reporting change from first manager to the secondmanager. Bonus or award data associated with the employee may need to bechanged based on the new manager rules for bonus or awards. Similarly, abonus plan for the second manager's department may be impacted so thatthe allocation of a bonus pool is not adjusted based on the increase inemployee head count. All of these dependencies and others may beimpacted because when an employee or group moves in a businesshierarchy, the compensation-related rules of the first and secondmanager's departments (e.g. budget, guidelines, pro-rations, etc) maycause a ripple effect to other employees, and the like. In a largeorganization, such as an international organization with 10,000 or moreemployees, such a change may result in a massive impact on data in theplatform. This impact may be determined, implemented, and tracked by theplatform 100 as part of the smart synchronization process.

Even pending compensation or performance rating approvalnotification/authorization, which may be part of an approval workflow,has to be tracked and modified based on changes detected in the inputdata so that the impact of these detected changes is properly managed.The smart synchronization facilities of the platform 100 mayautomatically process these changes.

In an embodiment of the platform 100, all of budgets, guidelines,workflows, and the like may be configured into the platform; thereforeby inputting any given change made outside the platform 100 (ex: anemployee is hired, transferred, fired, quits, etc) it is possible todetermine what the downstream impact to other parts of the platform 100will be. Because the smart synchronization facilities of the platform100 handles the impact of this change on other aspects of the platform100, managers and administrators can focus on the business of thespecific change (e.g. dealing with an employee resignation) rather thanworking through the massive impact to the data in the platform.

An example of how smart synchronization may facilitate a performancedriven compensation application of the platform 100 follows. A firstmanager has decided to give an employee a 3% merit and this decision hasalready been entered in to the platform 100. Due to business conditions,merit increases are cancelled and this new information is input into theplatform 100 through a regular information update process. Through thesmart synchronization facilities, the platform will receive theinformation reflecting the change to the merit increase rules; through areconciliation process determine that the change has been made; andre-assert the decision actions using the changed merit increase rules toensure the proper distribution of the impact of the change throughoutthe system (e.g. taking the same actions within the platform for theearlier decision to give the employee a 3% merit increase may result inthe employee receiving no merit increase, or may result in the decisionbeing flagged as out of the plan.) The smart synchronization facilitymay ensure the impact of changes detected in input data are properlydistributed throughout the platform data by computing again everyderived data element in the platform.

Another example of how the smart synchronization facilities of theplatform 100 facilitate ensure input data changes impact is properlydistributed throughout the platform relates to award or bonusprocessing. Generally, bonuses are conditional based on performance,business, budget, and other factors. Therefore, recomputingbonus-related decision actions may be performed after other decisionactions and derived data is calculated. To further describe thecomplexity associated with award processing, during a compensation focalplanning process, potential bonuses or awards may be included to reflecta total potential compensation for each employee. This may be reflectedin the platform through calculating an award/bonus entry for eacheligible employee. The calculation may include compensation ratioderived from a salary range, job title, a bonus matrix, a set of bonusrules, and other factors such as group goals, group performance,individual performance, years of service, and the like. With theintroduction of external business data (e.g. a daily receipt of allbusiness system data of an enterprise) each element that contributes toan award computation must first be recomputed and then applied to thebonus/award calculation.

The performance driven compensation application of the human resourcemanagement platform 100 may facilitate off-cycle compensation planning.The application may include a web-based interface within a wizard-likeenvironment providing managers with the tools and guidance necessary tomake changes to employee data using the same rules that had been derivedfrom an earlier focal planning process. This may allow the manager touse the same rules, groups, budgets, and the like that were used in ayear-end focal planning session when executing an out of cycle change.Such changes are typically non-planned changes and may includeperforming compound transactions (e.g. change in manager, employeehours, compensation, budget assignment, and the like).

A performance-driven compensation application may include performancemanagement programs and compensation management programs that may use acommon platform, such as the human resources management platform 100 sothat when a performance assessment process generates a rating for anemployee, the rating can be applied to a compensation assessment of theemployee automatically. Although the compensation and performanceprograms may share a common platform, the programs may run in isolateddata sets that may be within the same database or within separatedatabases. Performance rating changes may be input to the compensationprocess through a regular update of business system information asdescribed herein or through a real-time update process that utilizes thesmart synchronization facilities in a real-time or near real-time mode.By utilizing the smart synchronization facilities, impacts ofperformance ratings may be properly cascaded throughout an organizationaccording to the rules of the object model present in the embodiment ofthe platform. This may be valuable because one performance plan canimpact multiple compensation plans. In an example, a performance ratingfor each employee in a focal planning cycle may be initialized to be thesame as a previous performance rating for the employee. If an updatedperformance rating for the employee results in the employee receiving amuch higher or lower merit increase than that which the previousperformance rating would indicate, other employees in the group may beimpacted in that more (or fewer) merit increase budget dollars may beavailable to be allocated to the other employees. The smartsynchronization facilities of the platform 100 ensure this potentialimpact on merit increase budget dollars allocation is properly adjustedbased on the performance rating update.

The platform 100 may facilitate accurate update of all items related toa change. This may result in a single decision causing a compoundtransaction to be performed. A compound transaction is a set ofdependent actions that are performed as a result of a change made to anitem of data. When a manager decides to create a change, it is notusually in isolation. For example, a job change may also mean a managerchange or a location change. Previously the manager was forced to breakthese up into separate transactions with separate workflows. This isextremely time consuming and loses some of the context for thetransaction. Compound transactions eliminate the potential for contextloss and manual entry error. An example of a compound transaction may bebased on a single decision that involves a promotion, a job change, agrade change, and a salary change. This is still considered onetransaction (a compound transaction), even though there are severalevents occurring on the employee's record.

A compound transaction may be simple—a manager wants to change thestatus of a person from full-time to part-time and with that, needs tochange the hours that the employee works from 40 to 20. However, acompound transaction may be complex—a manager wants to promote anemployee, move her from one location to another, change her manager, andprovide her with a new target incentive opportunity.

Business logic associated with the platform 100 and/or with a businessapplication, such as a performance-driven compensation application maydetermine which actions are dependent on decisions or changes that aremade in the domain model. Changes such as status change, organizationalchange, location change, manager change, stock award, salary decrease,merit increase, and others may be supported by action dependency rulesthat ensure domain object items that are affected by the decision areproperly updated in a compound transaction.

The platform 100 supports very fluid business process configuration sothat even if the compensation program and the performance program arerunning on different systems or different databases, changes inperformance may be immediately introduced in to compensation throughsmart synchronization as described herein.

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through a machine that executes computer software, program codes,and/or instructions on a processor. The processor may be part of aserver, client, network infrastructure, mobile computing platform,stationary computing platform, or other computing platform. A processormay be any kind of computational or processing device capable ofexecuting program instructions, codes, binary instructions and the like.The processor may be or include a signal processor, digital processor,embedded processor, microprocessor or any variant such as a co-processor(math co-processor, graphic co-processor, communication co-processor andthe like) and the like that may directly or indirectly facilitateexecution of program code or program instructions stored thereon. Inaddition, the processor may enable execution of multiple programs,threads, and codes. The threads may be executed simultaneously toenhance the performance of the processor and to facilitate simultaneousoperations of the application. By way of implementation, methods,program codes, program instructions and the like described herein may beimplemented in one or more thread. The thread may spawn other threadsthat may have assigned priorities associated with them; the processormay execute these threads based on priority or any other order based oninstructions provided in the program code. The processor may includememory that stores methods, codes, instructions and programs asdescribed herein and elsewhere. The processor may access a storagemedium through an interface that may store methods, codes, andinstructions as described herein and elsewhere. The storage mediumassociated with the processor for storing methods, programs, codes,program instructions or other type of instructions capable of beingexecuted by the computing or processing device may include but may notbe limited to one or more of a CD-ROM, DVD, memory, hard disk, flashdrive, RAM, ROM, cache and the like.

A processor may include one or more cores that may enhance speed andperformance of a multiprocessor. In embodiments, the process may be adual core processor, quad core processors, other chip-levelmultiprocessor and the like that combine two or more independent cores(called a die).

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through a machine that executes computer software on a server,client, firewall, gateway, hub, router, or other such computer and/ornetworking hardware. The software program may be associated with aserver that may include a file server, print server, domain server,internet server, intranet server and other variants such as secondaryserver, host server, distributed server and the like. The server mayinclude one or more of memories, processors, computer readable media,storage media, ports (physical and virtual), communication devices, andinterfaces capable of accessing other servers, clients, machines, anddevices through a wired or a wireless medium, and the like. The methods,programs or codes as described herein and elsewhere may be executed bythe server. In addition, other devices required for execution of methodsas described in this application may be considered as a part of theinfrastructure associated with the server.

The server may provide an interface to other devices including, withoutlimitation, clients, other servers, printers, database servers, printservers, file servers, communication servers, distributed servers andthe like. Additionally, this coupling and/or connection may facilitateremote execution of program across the network. The networking of someor all of these devices may facilitate parallel processing of a programor method at one or more location without deviating from the scope ofthe invention. In addition, any of the devices attached to the serverthrough an interface may include at least one storage medium capable ofstoring methods, programs, code and/or instructions. A centralrepository may provide program instructions to be executed on differentdevices. In this implementation, the remote repository may act as astorage medium for program code, instructions, and programs.

The software program may be associated with a client that may include afile client, print client, domain client, internet client, intranetclient and other variants such as secondary client, host client,distributed client and the like. The client may include one or more ofmemories, processors, computer readable media, storage media, ports(physical and virtual), communication devices, and interfaces capable ofaccessing other clients, servers, machines, and devices through a wiredor a wireless medium, and the like. The methods, programs or codes asdescribed herein and elsewhere may be executed by the client. Inaddition, other devices required for execution of methods as describedin this application may be considered as a part of the infrastructureassociated with the client.

The client may provide an interface to other devices including, withoutlimitation, servers, other clients, printers, database servers, printservers, file servers, communication servers, distributed servers andthe like. Additionally, this coupling and/or connection may facilitateremote execution of program across the network. The networking of someor all of these devices may facilitate parallel processing of a programor method at one or more location without deviating from the scope ofthe invention. In addition, any of the devices attached to the clientthrough an interface may include at least one storage medium capable ofstoring methods, programs, applications, code and/or instructions. Acentral repository may provide program instructions to be executed ondifferent devices. In this implementation, the remote repository may actas a storage medium for program code, instructions, and programs.

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through network infrastructures. The network infrastructure mayinclude elements such as computing devices, servers, routers, hubs,firewalls, clients, personal computers, communication devices, routingdevices and other active and passive devices, modules and/or componentsas known in the art. The computing and/or non-computing device(s)associated with the network infrastructure may include, apart from othercomponents, a storage medium such as flash memory, buffer, stack, RAM,ROM and the like. The processes, methods, program codes, instructionsdescribed herein and elsewhere may be executed by one or more of thenetwork infrastructural elements.

The methods, program codes, and instructions described herein andelsewhere may be implemented on a cellular network having multiplecells. The cellular network may either be frequency division multipleaccess (FDMA) network or code division multiple access (CDMA) network.The cellular network may include mobile devices, cell sites, basestations, repeaters, antennas, towers, and the like. The cell networkmay be a GSM, GPRS, 3G, EVDO, mesh, or other networks types.

The methods, programs codes, and instructions described herein andelsewhere may be implemented on or through mobile devices. The mobiledevices may include navigation devices, cell phones, mobile phones,mobile personal digital assistants, laptops, palmtops, netbooks, pagers,electronic books readers, music players and the like. These devices mayinclude, apart from other components, a storage medium such as a flashmemory, buffer, RAM, ROM and one or more computing devices. Thecomputing devices associated with mobile devices may be enabled toexecute program codes, methods, and instructions stored thereon.Alternatively, the mobile devices may be configured to executeinstructions in collaboration with other devices. The mobile devices maycommunicate with base stations interfaced with servers and configured toexecute program codes. The mobile devices may communicate on a peer topeer network, mesh network, or other communications network. The programcode may be stored on the storage medium associated with the server andexecuted by a computing device embedded within the server. The basestation may include a computing device and a storage medium. The storagedevice may store program codes and instructions executed by thecomputing devices associated with the base station.

The computer software, program codes, and/or instructions may be storedand/or accessed on machine readable media that may include: computercomponents, devices, and recording media that retain digital data usedfor computing for some interval of time; semiconductor storage known asrandom access memory (RAM); mass storage typically for more permanentstorage, such as optical discs, forms of magnetic storage like harddisks, tapes, drums, cards and other types; processor registers, cachememory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory; optical storage such asCD, DVD; removable media such as flash memory (e.g. USB sticks or keys),floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punch cards, standalone RAMdisks, Zip drives, removable mass storage, off-line, and the like; othercomputer memory such as dynamic memory, static memory, read/writestorage, mutable storage, read only, random access, sequential access,location addressable, file addressable, content addressable, networkattached storage, storage area network, bar codes, magnetic ink, and thelike.

The methods and systems described herein may transform physical and/oror intangible items from one state to another. The methods and systemsdescribed herein may also transform data representing physical and/orintangible items from one state to another.

The elements described and depicted herein, including in flow charts andblock diagrams throughout the figures, imply logical boundaries betweenthe elements. However, according to software or hardware engineeringpractices, the depicted elements and the functions thereof may beimplemented on machines through computer executable media having aprocessor capable of executing program instructions stored thereon as amonolithic software structure, as standalone software modules, or asmodules that employ external routines, code, services, and so forth, orany combination of these, and all such implementations may be within thescope of the present disclosure. Examples of such machines may include,but may not be limited to, personal digital assistants, laptops,personal computers, mobile phones, other handheld computing devices,medical equipment, wired or wireless communication devices, transducers,chips, calculators, satellites, tablet PCs, electronic books, gadgets,electronic devices, devices having artificial intelligence, computingdevices, networking equipments, servers, routers and the like.Furthermore, the elements depicted in the flow chart and block diagramsor any other logical component may be implemented on a machine capableof executing program instructions. Thus, while the foregoing drawingsand descriptions set forth functional aspects of the disclosed systems,no particular arrangement of software for implementing these functionalaspects should be inferred from these descriptions unless explicitlystated or otherwise clear from the context. Similarly, it will beappreciated that the various steps identified and described above may bevaried, and that the order of steps may be adapted to particularapplications of the techniques disclosed herein. All such variations andmodifications are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.As such, the depiction and/or description of an order for various stepsshould not be understood to require a particular order of execution forthose steps, unless required by a particular application, or explicitlystated or otherwise clear from the context.

The methods and/or processes described above, and steps thereof, may berealized in hardware, software or any combination of hardware andsoftware suitable for a particular application. The hardware may includea general purpose computer and/or dedicated computing device or specificcomputing device or particular aspect or component of a specificcomputing device. The processes may be realized in one or moremicroprocessors, microcontrollers, embedded microcontrollers,programmable digital signal processors or other programmable device,along with internal and/or external memory. The processes may also, orinstead, be embodied in an application specific integrated circuit, aprogrammable gate array, programmable array logic, or any other deviceor combination of devices that may be configured to process electronicsignals. It will further be appreciated that one or more of theprocesses may be realized as a computer executable code capable of beingexecuted on a machine readable medium.

The computer executable code may be created using a structuredprogramming language such as C, an object oriented programming languagesuch as C++, or any other high-level or low-level programming language(including assembly languages, hardware description languages, anddatabase programming languages and technologies) that may be stored,compiled or interpreted to run on one of the above devices, as well asheterogeneous combinations of processors, processor architectures, orcombinations of different hardware and software, or any other machinecapable of executing program instructions.

Thus, in one aspect, each method described above and combinationsthereof may be embodied in computer executable code that, when executingon one or more computing devices, performs the steps thereof. In anotheraspect, the methods may be embodied in systems that perform the stepsthereof, and may be distributed across devices in a number of ways, orall of the functionality may be integrated into a dedicated, standalonedevice or other hardware. In another aspect, the means for performingthe steps associated with the processes described above may include anyof the hardware and/or software described above. All such permutationsand combinations are intended to fall within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

While the invention has been disclosed in connection with the preferredembodiments shown and described in detail, various modifications andimprovements thereon will become readily apparent to those skilled inthe art. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the present invention isnot to be limited by the foregoing examples, but is to be understood inthe broadest sense allowable by law.

All documents referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

What is claimed is:
 1. A system comprising: a persistence layer forstoring a human capital domain model; a business logic layer comprisingthe domain model; a plurality of human capital management applications,wherein the plurality of human capital management applications includesa compensation application that facilitates in cycle and out of cycleadjustments, wherein in cycle adjustments comprise standard compensationplanning and out of cycle adjustments comprise out-of-turn adjustmentsand maintenance; and a presentation layer comprising a user interfacefor accessing the domain model via the applications.
 2. The system ofclaim 1 wherein the plurality of applications include a performancedriven compensation application.
 3. The system of claim 1 wherein thecompensation application supports out of cycle changes for all aspectsof compensation, performance and benefits.
 4. The system of claim 1,wherein the persistence layer includes group manager functionality forallocating employees to human capital management groups.
 5. The systemof claim 1 wherein the plurality of applications include a compensationapplication.
 6. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality ofapplications include a succession application.
 7. The system of claim 1wherein the plurality of applications include a competenciesapplication.
 8. The system of claim 1 wherein the plurality ofapplications include a performance application.
 9. The system of claim 8wherein the performance application facilitates manager and employeeself-service.
 10. The system of claim 1 wherein the persistence layerincludes a database for storing the human capital domain model.
 11. Asystem comprising: a persistence layer for storing a human capitaldomain model; a business logic layer comprising the domain model; aplurality of human capital management applications; and a presentationlayer comprising a user interface for accessing the domain model via theapplications, wherein the persistence layer includes smartsynchronization facilities for updating the domain model, the smartsynchronization facilities comprising modules for recognizing andvalidating updates to the human capital domain model.
 12. The system ofclaim 11 wherein updating the domain model includes bulk updating. 13.The system of claim 11 wherein the persistence layer includes groupmanager functionality for allocating employees to human capitalmanagement groups.
 14. The system of claim 13 wherein the groups areconfigured independently of a hierarchy associated with an entity usingthe system.
 15. The system of claim 11 wherein the persistence layerincludes security for limiting access to a database containing thedomain model.
 16. The system of claim 15 wherein the security allows aplurality of independently accessible domain models to be stored in thedatabase.
 17. The system of claim 16 wherein the independentlyaccessible domain models are stored in separate schemas.
 18. The systemof claim 11, wherein the smart synchronization facilities include amodule for reconciling differences from between the domain model and theupdated domain model.
 19. The system of claim 11, wherein the smartsynchronization facilities include a module for updating the domainmodule, wherein the updating module groups like database transactionstogether into a single update request.
 20. The system of claim 11,further comprising a shadow model, wherein updates to the human capitaldomain model are given an effective date using the shadow model.